Shwayhat A F, Linenger J M, Hofherr L K, Slymen D J, Johnson C W
San Diego State University, California.
Am J Sports Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):835-40. doi: 10.1177/036354659402200616.
This prospective study examined running history as a risk factor for subsequent overuse injury in Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) recruits. Recruits preparing to be Navy SEALs undergo 6 months of rigorous physical training programs, which place these recruits at high risk for developing an overuse injury. We assessed the independent variables of age; prior running frequency, duration, and pace; and training surface. Univariate and multivariate estimates of risk were determined for each variable. We observed an incidence of 3.4 overuse injuries per 1000 recruit-days. Assessing the physical activity of the recruits in the 6 months before entrance into basic training, we found that the recruits who ran at a pace slower than 8 minutes per mile and on softer training surfaces were more likely to sustain an overuse injury during basic training, in both univariate and multivariate estimates of risk. Recruits who ran fewer weekly miles and for shorter durations before basic training were also more likely to sustain an overuse injury according to univariate estimates of risk. Our findings suggest that risk of overuse injuries can be reduced by adjusting exercise routines before training. Running on different type surfaces with a gradual increase in speed, duration, and weekly mileage in the period preceding basic training may reduce risk of overuse injury.
这项前瞻性研究将跑步经历作为海军海豹突击队新兵后续过度使用损伤的一个风险因素进行了考察。准备成为海军海豹突击队队员的新兵要接受为期6个月的严格体能训练计划，这使这些新兵面临发生过度使用损伤的高风险。我们评估了年龄、先前的跑步频率、时长和配速以及训练地面这些自变量。对每个变量都确定了风险的单变量和多变量估计值。我们观察到每1000新兵日有3.4例过度使用损伤的发生率。在评估新兵进入基础训练前6个月的身体活动情况时，我们发现，在单变量和多变量风险估计中，那些每英里配速慢于8分钟且在较软训练地面跑步的新兵在基础训练期间更有可能遭受过度使用损伤。根据单变量风险估计，在基础训练前每周跑步英里数较少且跑步时长较短的新兵也更有可能遭受过度使用损伤。我们的研究结果表明，通过在训练前调整日常锻炼习惯可以降低过度使用损伤的风险。在基础训练前的时期内，在不同类型的地面上跑步，并逐渐增加速度、时长和每周里程数，可能会降低过度使用损伤的风险。
