Goodman E, Berecochea J E
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
J Adolesc Health. 1994 Nov;15(7):566-72. doi: 10.1016/1054-139x(94)90140-x.
Although runaway and homeless adolescents are at high risk for acquiring HIV infection, little is known about which of these youth obtain HIV testing or whether those considered to be at highest risk are being tested. The purpose of our study was to determine demographic characteristics and risk profiles of runaway and homeless adolescents who had obtained an HIV test and compare them to those who had not been tested.
We analyzed data collected by the State of California from a survey of 202 San Francisco Bay area runaway and homeless youth aged 13-18 years conducted in 1990-1991. Adolescents were interviewed about AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, including HIV testing experience.
Most subjects were 16 years or older (80%), white (61%), sexually active (91%) and heterosexual (82%). Twenty-three percent reported a previous sexually transmitted disease (STD); 27% had used injection drugs. Over half (54%) had been HIV antibody tested. Free/community clinics were the most common site for testing. In a logistic regression model, four variables were independent predictors of having obtained an HIV antibody test: history of an STD (p = 0.01), 5 or more years of sexual activity (p = 0.01), injection drug use (P = 0.04), and age (p = 0.04).
Our study demonstrates that many runaway and homeless adolescents have obtained an HIV antibody test and that those with known risk factors are more likely to have been tested. These data support the need for community-based expansion of HIV-related services for homeless youth. The effects of HIV antibody testing on subsequent beliefs and behaviors need further study.
尽管离家出走和无家可归的青少年感染艾滋病毒的风险很高，但对于这些青少年中哪些人进行了艾滋病毒检测，或者那些被认为风险最高的人是否接受了检测，我们知之甚少。我们研究的目的是确定已进行艾滋病毒检测的离家出走和无家可归青少年的人口统计学特征和风险概况，并将他们与未接受检测的青少年进行比较。
我们分析了加利福尼亚州在1990 - 1991年对旧金山湾区202名年龄在13 - 18岁的离家出走和无家可归青少年进行调查所收集的数据。青少年接受了关于艾滋病相关知识、态度、信念和行为的访谈，包括艾滋病毒检测经历。
大多数受试者年龄在16岁及以上（80%），为白人（61%），有性行为（91%）且为异性恋（82%）。23%的人报告曾患性传播疾病（STD）；27%的人曾使用注射毒品。超过一半（54%）的人接受过艾滋病毒抗体检测。免费/社区诊所是最常见的检测地点。在逻辑回归模型中，有四个变量是进行艾滋病毒抗体检测的独立预测因素：性传播疾病史（p = 0.01）、5年或更长时间的性行为（p = 0.01）、注射毒品使用（P = 0.04）和年龄（p = 0.04）。
我们的研究表明，许多离家出走和无家可归的青少年接受了艾滋病毒抗体检测，并且那些有已知风险因素的人更有可能接受检测。这些数据支持了为无家可归青少年在社区扩大艾滋病毒相关服务的必要性。艾滋病毒抗体检测对后续信念和行为的影响需要进一步研究。
