Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2011 Aug;38(8):691-6. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318214bb70.
Adolescents and young adults comprise disproportionately high percentages of individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those with undiagnosed HIV. Our objective was to determine factors associated with history of HIV testing and receipt of results among a sample of urban, high-risk, sexually active adolescents in 15 US cities.
A total of 20 to 30 sexually active youths, aged 12 to 24 years, were recruited to participate in an anonymous survey and HIV antibody testing at 2 to 3 venues per city identified by young men who have sex with men, young women of color, or intravenous drug users.
Of the 1457 participants, 72% reported having been previously tested for HIV (89% of whom were aware of their test results). Our sample was diverse in terms of gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Factors found to be predictive of testing typically reflect high risk for HIV, except for some high-risk partner characteristics, including having had a partner that made the youth have sex without a condom or had a partner with unknown HIV status. Factors associated with knowledge of serostatus are reported. HIV testing seems to be more associated with sexually transmitted infection testing services than with primary care.
More strategies are needed that increase testing, including targeting partners of high-risk individuals, insuring receipt of test results, and increasing testing in primary care settings.
青少年和年轻人在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人群和未确诊 HIV 的人群中所占比例过高。我们的目的是确定在 15 个美国城市中，一组城市高危性行为活跃的青少年中，与 HIV 检测史和检测结果相关的因素。
总共招募了 20 到 30 名年龄在 12 到 24 岁之间的性活跃青少年，在每个城市的 2 到 3 个场所进行匿名调查和 HIV 抗体检测，这些场所是通过男男性行为者、有色人种年轻女性或静脉吸毒者确定的。
在 1457 名参与者中，72%的人报告曾接受过 HIV 检测（其中 89%的人知晓自己的检测结果）。我们的样本在性别、种族/民族和性取向方面具有多样性。被发现与检测相关的因素通常反映了 HIV 的高风险，除了一些高风险伴侣特征，包括伴侣要求青少年无保护措施地发生性行为或伴侣的 HIV 状况未知。报告了与血清学状况相关的因素。HIV 检测似乎与性传播感染检测服务更相关，而不是与初级保健更相关。
需要更多的策略来增加检测，包括针对高危人群的伴侣，确保获得检测结果，并增加初级保健环境中的检测。
