Noel J G, Wann D L, Branscombe N R
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Jan;68(1):127-37. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.68.1.127.
Peripheral membership status in a desirable ingroup was predicted to elevate outgroup derogation when Ss believed other ingroup members might learn of their responses. Less negativity toward outgroups was expected when peripheral members' responses were to remain private. Core ingroup members, in contrast, were not expected to show public-private differences in derogation of outgroups. The results of 2 experiments supported these predictions, with peripheral but not core ingroup members advocating the most coercion for the outgroup under public conditions in both laboratory-created ingroups (Experiment 1) and naturally occurring groups that had meaning for the participants (Experiment 2). Thus, outgroup derogation can serve a public presentation function that allows for enhancement of an insecure status within a desirable ingroup.
当被试者认为其他内群体成员可能会知晓他们的反应时，预计处于理想内群体中的边缘成员身份会加剧对外群体的诋毁。当边缘成员的反应保持私密时，预计对外群体的负面态度会减少。相比之下，预计核心内群体成员在对外群体的诋毁上不会表现出公开与私密的差异。两项实验的结果支持了这些预测，在实验室创建的内群体（实验1）和对参与者有意义的自然形成的群体（实验2）中，都是边缘而非核心内群体成员在公开条件下对外群体主张最强烈的强制手段。因此，对外群体的诋毁可以起到一种公开展示的作用，有助于提升在理想内群体中不安全的地位。
