van Duynhoven Y T, van de Laar M J, Dessens-Kroon M, Verheuvel M, van Klingeren B
Centrum voor Infectieziekten Epidemiologie, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne, Bilthoven.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1995 Feb 11;139(6):283-8.
To assess whether the 1989 epidemic of tetracycline-resistant (TRNG) and penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was caused by a small number of imported strains, and what the risk factors for infection were.
Retrospective.
The National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (NIPHEP).
A total of 1257 questionnaires were sent to the 5 microbiological laboratories which had contributed most to the number of isolates sent to NIPHEP, in order to obtain additional information of all patients infected in 1989 and 1990 with PPNG. Of all these patients the results of quantitative sensitivity testing, auxotype, serotype and plasmid pattern of the PPNG were obtained.
The questionnaire response was 1047/1257 (83.3%). A part of the isolates from the non-responders was included in the study. Determinations were performed in 1185 PPNG isolates (94.3%). In 1988 and 1989 an increase of TRNG among PPNG was observed. The PPNG isolates in 1989 (n - 472) and 1990 (n = 713) from 5 laboratories in Amsterdam. Rotterdam and The Hague, showed that the epidemic was caused mainly by the spread of three strains. NR/IB-6, PRO/IA-3 and PRO/IA-6. The introduction probably took place in The Hague in 1988 and import from abroad could not be confirmed. The TRNG risk was increased for men and women over 40 years and for men from The Hague and Rotterdam having contacts with prostitutes; the latter did not apply to Amsterdam. For women, a Turkish or Latin American nationality increased the TRNG risk.
Because of the continuing threat of developing resistance and the instability of microbiological characteristics of gonococci, a continuous national surveillance is necessary, including information about risk factors for infection with resistant gonococci, to improve the control of the infection.
评估1989年耐四环素（TRNG）和产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）的流行是否由少数输入菌株引起，以及感染的危险因素是什么。
回顾性研究。
国家公共卫生和环境保护研究所（NIPHEP）。
向5个微生物实验室共发送了1257份问卷，这些实验室对送往NIPHEP的分离株数量贡献最大，以获取1989年和1990年所有感染PPNG患者的更多信息。从所有这些患者中获得了PPNG的定量敏感性测试、菌型、血清型和质粒图谱结果。
问卷回复率为1047/1257（83.3%）。未回复者的部分分离株被纳入研究。对1185株PPNG分离株（94.3%）进行了测定。1988年和1989年观察到PPNG中TRNG增加。1989年（n = 472）和1990年（n = 713）来自阿姆斯特丹、鹿特丹和海牙5个实验室的PPNG分离株表明，该流行主要由三种菌株NR/IB - 6、PRO/IA - 3和PRO/IA - 6的传播引起。引入可能于1988年在海牙发生，无法证实是从国外输入。40岁以上的男性和女性以及来自海牙和鹿特丹与妓女有接触的男性TRNG风险增加；后者不适用于阿姆斯特丹。对于女性，土耳其或拉丁美洲国籍增加了TRNG风险。
由于耐药性发展的持续威胁以及淋球菌微生物学特征的不稳定性，有必要进行持续的全国监测，包括有关耐抗生素淋球菌感染危险因素的信息，以改善感染控制。
