Zacny J P, Coalson D W, Lichtor J L, Yajnik S, Thapar P
Department of Anesthesia, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1994 Nov;49(3):573-8. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)90071-x.
The effects of naloxone on the mood-altering and psychomotor-impairing effects of nitrous oxide were examined in two studies. Each of the double-blind, randomized trials tested effects of three doses of naloxone or saline placebo during inhalation of 30% nitrous oxide in oxygen or 100% oxygen placebo. Experiment 1 tested a range of naloxone doses used clinically to reverse opiate-induced respiratory depression (0, 0.01, 0.1 1.0 mg/70 kg) and Experiment 2 included a dose approximately 25 times higher than that needed to reverse opiate-induced respiratory depression (0, 1.0, 3.0, 10 mg/70 kg). Nitrous oxide increased subject-rated reports of "feel drug effect," "carefree," "drunk," "sedated," and "high", and decreased psychomotor performance in both experiments. Naloxone had no effects by itself in either experiment, and, for the most part, did not significantly interact with nitrous oxide-induced changes in mood or psychomotor performance. Naloxone, in doses of 10 mg or less, does not appear to affect the subjective and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide.
两项研究考察了纳洛酮对一氧化二氮改变情绪和损害精神运动功能作用的影响。每项双盲随机试验在吸入30%一氧化二氮与氧气的混合气体或100%氧气安慰剂期间，测试了三种剂量的纳洛酮或生理盐水安慰剂的效果。实验1测试了临床上用于逆转阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制的一系列纳洛酮剂量（0、0.01、0.1、1.0毫克/70千克），实验2纳入了一个比逆转阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制所需剂量高约25倍的剂量（0、1.0、3.0、10毫克/70千克）。在两项实验中，一氧化二氮均增加了受试者报告的“感觉有药物作用”“无忧无虑”“醉酒”“镇静”和“兴奋”，并降低了精神运动表现。在任一实验中，纳洛酮自身均无作用，并且在大多数情况下，与一氧化二氮引起的情绪或精神运动表现变化无显著相互作用。10毫克或更低剂量的纳洛酮似乎不会影响一氧化二氮的主观和精神运动作用。
