Knieps L J, Walden T A, Baxter A
Vanderbilt University.
Am J Ment Retard. 1994 Nov;99(3):301-12.
Affective expressions of 11 toddlers with Down syndrome and 11 toddlers with no disabilities were compared. Each child participated, with one parent, in a social referencing procedure. Children's MAs ranged from 12 to 23 months. Parents posed positive or fearful expressions during presentations of ambiguous stimuli. Lability and intensity of children's expressions and regulation of affect were noted. Expressions of toddlers with and without Down syndrome were equally labile and intense. However, toddlers without Down syndrome tended to match their parents' expressions. Toddlers with Down syndrome did not match their parents expressions; instead, they responded with positive affect following fearful parental communications. Results were discussed in terms of the impact of emotional predictability and responsivity on caregiving interactions.
对11名唐氏综合征幼儿和11名无残疾幼儿的情感表达进行了比较。每个孩子都与一位家长一起参与了社会参照程序。孩子们的心理年龄在12至23个月之间。在呈现模棱两可的刺激时，家长摆出积极或恐惧的表情。记录孩子们表情的易变性和强度以及情感调节情况。患有和未患有唐氏综合征的幼儿的表情同样易变且强烈。然而，未患唐氏综合征的幼儿倾向于与家长的表情相匹配。患有唐氏综合征的幼儿不与家长的表情相匹配；相反，在家长传达恐惧情绪后，他们会以积极的情绪做出反应。从情感可预测性和反应性对照顾互动的影响方面对结果进行了讨论。
