Williams P, Florez C
Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Bull Narc. 1994;46(2):9-24.
Transnational criminal organizations, particularly drug-trafficking organizations, operate unrestricted across international borders. They are very similar in kind to legitimate transnational corporations in structure, strength, size, geographical range and scope of their operations. Above all other features they engage in unregulated forms of capitalist enterprise. To fully understand transnational criminal organizations it is necessary to examine them as organizations responding to economic opportunities and focus on the factors that influence their emergence. Those factors can be understood as a result of the confluence of opportunities, pressures, incentives and resources at the global and national level. The present article identifies the key environmental factors relevant to the emergence of transnational criminal organizations, and explores the intrinsic relationship between those organizations, their home States and host States. It is those conditions which not only give rise to transnational criminal organizations, but also help to sustain them.
跨国犯罪组织，尤其是贩毒组织，在国际边界上不受限制地活动。它们在结构、实力、规模、地理范围和业务范围等方面与合法跨国公司极为相似。最重要的是，它们从事不受监管的资本主义企业形式。要全面理解跨国犯罪组织，有必要将它们视为对经济机会做出反应的组织，并关注影响其出现的因素。这些因素可被理解为全球和国家层面机会、压力、激励措施和资源交汇的结果。本文确定了与跨国犯罪组织出现相关的关键环境因素，并探讨了这些组织与其母国和东道国之间的内在关系。正是这些条件不仅催生了跨国犯罪组织，还帮助维持了它们的存在。
