Gangolli S D, van den Brandt P A, Feron V J, Janzowsky C, Koeman J H, Speijers G J, Spiegelhalder B, Walker R, Wisnok J S
Toxicology Advisory Services, Surrey, UK.
Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Nov 1;292(1):1-38. doi: 10.1016/0926-6917(94)90022-1.
A risk assessment has been made on nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds encountered in the human diet. Vegetables constitute a major source of nitrate providing over 85% of the average daily human dietary intake. Nitrite and N-nitroso compounds present in the diet contribute relatively small amounts to the body burden and the major source of these biologically reactive compounds is derived from the bacterial and mammalian metabolism of ingested nitrate. Additionally, endogenous synthesis provides an important source contributing to the body burden of nitrate. Data from animal toxicological studies, human effects and epidemiological surveys have been reviewed and evaluated. It is concluded that there is no firm scientific evidence at present to recommend drastic reductions beyond the average levels of nitrate encountered in vegetables grown in keeping with good agricultural practice. Recommendations have also been made for further animal and human studies to be carried out to elucidate the potential risks to man from ingested nitrate.
已对人类饮食中遇到的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和N-亚硝基化合物进行了风险评估。蔬菜是硝酸盐的主要来源，提供了人类每日膳食摄入量平均值的85%以上。饮食中存在的亚硝酸盐和N-亚硝基化合物对人体负担的贡献相对较小，这些生物活性化合物的主要来源是摄入硝酸盐的细菌和哺乳动物代谢。此外，内源性合成是导致硝酸盐人体负担的一个重要来源。已对动物毒理学研究、人体影响和流行病学调查的数据进行了审查和评估。得出的结论是，目前没有确凿的科学证据建议大幅降低硝酸盐含量，使其低于按照良好农业规范种植的蔬菜中所遇到的平均硝酸盐水平。还建议进一步开展动物和人体研究，以阐明摄入硝酸盐对人类的潜在风险。
