Unwin N C
Department of Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Public Health. 1995 Jan;109(1):41-6. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(95)80074-3.
The potential health gain from increased levels of cycling in Britain is large. This paper reviews current levels of bicycle ownership and use, and the factors which influence whether or not people choose to cycle in Britain. Cycle ownership is strongly associated with affluence and children. Males cycle more than females. Boys aged 11-15 years cycle the greatest number of miles per person per week, followed by men aged 16-59 years. Cycling to work is weakly associated with affluence. Modelling cycling to work patterns suggests that hilliness, traffic danger, rainfall and longer trip lengths are important deterrents to cycling. Cyclists identify cheapness, health, convenience and enjoyment as reasons for cycling. Non-cyclists identify danger, 'unpleasantness' (e.g. traffic fumes, weather), bike security and cycling not appealing as reasons for not cycling. Part of the lack of appeal of cycling reflects negative social attitudes towards cycling. Cycling has tended to be seen as a childhood activity and incompatible with an attractive and sophisticated image. Departments of Public Health Medicine and Health Promotion, in collaboration with other sectors, have an important role to play in promoting increased levels of cycling.
在英国，骑行水平的提高有望给健康带来巨大益处。本文回顾了英国目前的自行车拥有量和使用情况，以及影响人们是否选择骑车的因素。自行车拥有量与富裕程度和儿童密切相关。男性骑车的人数多于女性。11至15岁的男孩每周人均骑行里程数最多，其次是16至59岁的男性。骑车上班与富裕程度的关联较弱。对骑车上班模式的建模表明，坡度、交通危险、降雨以及较长的出行距离是骑车的重要阻碍因素。骑车者认为便宜、健康、便利和乐趣是骑车的理由。不骑车者则认为危险、“不愉快”（如交通废气、天气）、自行车安全以及骑车缺乏吸引力是不骑车的理由。骑车缺乏吸引力的部分原因在于社会对骑车持负面态度。骑车往往被视为一种儿童活动，与有吸引力和精致的形象不相容。公共卫生医学和健康促进部门与其他部门合作，在促进骑行水平提高方面可发挥重要作用。
