需治疗人数：一种临床实用的治疗效果衡量指标。
The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect.
作者信息
Cook R J, Sackett D L
机构信息
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Canada.
出版信息
BMJ. 1995 Feb 18;310(6977):452-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6977.452.
Abstract
The relative benefit of an active treatment over a control is usually expressed as the relative risk, the relative risk reduction, or the odds ratio. These measures are used extensively in both clinical and epidemiological investigations. For clinical decision making, however, it is more meaningful to use the measure "number needed to treat." This measure is calculated on the inverse of the absolute risk reduction. It has the advantage that it conveys both statistical and clinical significance to the doctor. Furthermore, it can be used to extrapolate published findings to a patient at an arbitrary specified baseline risk when the relative risk reduction associated with treatment is constant for all levels of risk.
摘要
积极治疗相对于对照的相对益处通常表示为相对风险、相对风险降低率或比值比。这些指标在临床和流行病学调查中都被广泛使用。然而，对于临床决策而言，使用“需治疗人数”这一指标更具意义。该指标是根据绝对风险降低率的倒数计算得出的。它的优点在于能向医生传达统计学和临床意义。此外，当治疗相关的相对风险降低率在所有风险水平上保持恒定时，它可用于将已发表的研究结果外推至具有任意指定基线风险的患者。
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