Combination of ganciclovir and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients. The ACTG 073 Team.

The efficacy and safety of a combination of ganciclovir plus GM-CSF was evaluated in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. In phase A, patients were randomized to receive ganciclovir, 5 mg/kg every 12 h for 14 days followed by 5 mg/kg daily, with (n = 24) or without (n = 29) GM-CSF (1-8 micrograms/kg daily subcutaneously) to maintain absolute neutrophil counts between 2500 and 5000 cells/microliters. In phase B, after 16 weeks zidovudine was added to the regimen of 16 patients receiving ganciclovir plus GM-CSF and 20 receiving ganciclovir alone. At this stage, GM-CSF was added to the treatment protocol of any patient receiving ganciclovir plus zidovudine who became neutropenic. In phase A, patients in the ganciclovir plus GM-CSF group had significantly higher neutrophil counts than ganciclovir-alone patients (p = 0.0001). Overall, 12.5% of patients treated with GM-CSF developed neutropenia (absolute neutrophil counts < 500/microliters phase A and < 750/microliters phase B) compared with 45% of patients treated without GM-CSF. GM-CSF patients missed 10 of a possible 4705 scheduled doses of ganciclovir compared with 34 missed doses of a possible 6584 in the ganciclovir-alone group (p = 0.011). There was a trend, although not statistically significant, for patients in the GM-CSF group to experience delayed progression of their retinitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)