Gasquet I
INSERM U 169, Recherches en épidémiologie - Santé de l'adolescent, Villejuif.
Psychiatr Enfant. 1994;37(2):533-66; discussion 567-76.
Review of the literature on the epidemiology of depression in children and young adolescents taking into account the age and sex evolution of 1/its frequency, 2) its symptoms, 3) the risk factors and 4) prognostic factors, shows the following: age evolution of depressive conditions (self-perceived depression and clinical disturbances) is different according to sex and type of disturbances. In early adolescence there is an increase in frequency of depressive feelings, specially in girls. Clinical depression also differs according to sex: boys seem to present more severe depressions and at a younger age, more frequently associated with behavior problems and have a worse prognosis. Symptomatic expression of depressive disturbances: 1) differ with age (somatic complaints and relational isolation in younger children, loss of self-esteem in adolescents) and 2) are different according to sex in adolescents (somatic preoccupations in girls, social problems in boys).
对有关儿童和青少年抑郁症流行病学的文献进行综述，综合考虑其1）发病率、2）症状、3）风险因素和4）预后因素随年龄和性别的变化情况，结果如下：抑郁状况（自我感知的抑郁和临床障碍）随年龄的变化因性别和障碍类型而异。在青春期早期，抑郁情绪的发生率会增加，尤其是在女孩中。临床抑郁症在性别上也存在差异：男孩似乎更容易出现更严重的抑郁症，且发病年龄更小，更常与行为问题相关，预后也更差。抑郁障碍的症状表现：1）随年龄不同（年幼儿童表现为躯体不适和人际关系孤立，青少年表现为自尊丧失），2）在青少年中因性别而异（女孩表现为躯体关注，男孩表现为社交问题）。
