Schwarzer R, Dunkel-Schetter C, Kemeny M
Freie Universitt Berlin.
Am J Community Psychol. 1994 Jun;22(3):319-39. doi: 10.1007/BF02506869.
This article concerns received social support in gay men at risk of HIV and AIDS. Distinctions are made between three types of support (informational, tangible, emotional), four sources of support (friends, relatives, partner, organizations), and three dimensions of support (amount, satisfaction, reciprocity). A 24-item inventory reflecting these distinctions was administered to a sample of 587 gay men at two points in time. The psychometric properties of the instrument were determined, and the factor structure of the items varying sources and types of social support were tested. This was done by exploratory as well as by confirmatory factor analyses. The hypothesized structure was confirmed in both waves separately. Results corroborated the assumption that enacted or received social support is a highly differentiated construct and requires assessment tools that are designed according. Descriptive results on the support perceptions in this sample are also presented. Implications for the study of support in men at risk of HIV and AIDS are discussed.
本文关注感染艾滋病毒和患艾滋病风险较高的男同性恋者所获得的社会支持。文章区分了三种支持类型（信息性、物质性、情感性）、四种支持来源（朋友、亲属、伴侣、组织）以及支持的三个维度（数量、满意度、互惠性）。一份反映这些区分的包含24个条目的量表在两个时间点对587名男同性恋者样本进行了施测。确定了该工具的心理测量特性，并对不同来源和类型的社会支持项目的因子结构进行了测试。这通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析来完成。假设结构在两个阶段均分别得到了证实。结果证实了这样的假设，即实际给予或获得的社会支持是一个高度分化的结构，需要有相应设计的评估工具。本文还呈现了该样本中支持感知的描述性结果。讨论了对感染艾滋病毒和患艾滋病风险较高的男性的支持研究的启示。
