Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Knowlton A, Celentano D
Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Am J Community Psychol. 1994 Jun;22(3):415-30. doi: 10.1007/BF02506873.
Information is sparse on the social context of illicit drug injection behaviors and their relationship to HIV infection. This study examined relationships between injection settings, injecting with others, and HIV risk behaviors of sharing needles and not cleaning contaminated needles in a sample of 630 inner-city injecting drug users in Baltimore, MD. Through open-ended interviews, five primary settings of injection behavior were identified. These settings included one's own, friends' and mother's residence, shooting galleries, and semipublic areas. Most participants reported injecting in their own residence (92%) and friends' residence (86%) in the prior 6 months. In a multiple regression analysis, injecting at friends' residence, in shooting galleries, and in semipublic areas and frequency of injecting with others were significantly associated with frequency of sharing uncleaned needles, "slipping" (i.e., failure to disinfect shared needles), and not always cleaning used needles before injecting. Results suggest that interventions may benefit from targeting settings as well as behaviors to reduce the spread of HIV.
关于非法药物注射行为的社会背景及其与艾滋病毒感染的关系，相关信息较为匮乏。本研究在马里兰州巴尔的摩市630名市中心注射吸毒者的样本中，考察了注射场所、与他人一起注射，以及共用针头和不清洁受污染针头这些艾滋病毒风险行为之间的关系。通过开放式访谈，确定了注射行为的五个主要场所。这些场所包括自己家、朋友家、母亲家、注射馆和半公共区域。大多数参与者报告称，在过去6个月内曾在自己家（92%）和朋友家（86%）注射。在多元回归分析中，在朋友家、注射馆和半公共区域注射，以及与他人一起注射的频率，与共用未清洁针头的频率、“疏忽”（即未对共用针头进行消毒）以及并非每次注射前都清洁使用过的针头显著相关。结果表明，干预措施可能需要针对场所和行为，以减少艾滋病毒的传播。
