Fujimura O, Lawton M A, Koch C A
Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington.
Angiology. 1995 Mar;46(3):201-9. doi: 10.1177/000331979504600303.
The authors tested the ability of a balloon-tipped fiberoptic endoscope to accurately visualize and identify right-heart anatomy in 7 anesthetized dogs. A 3.6-mm-diameter fiberoptic endoscope with a latex balloon covering the distal tip was inserted into the right atrium, where the balloon was inflated with air in 5 mL increments. Heart rate did not show changes. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output started to show significant decreases with a balloon volume at 25 and 20 mL, respectively (n = 7). Visual image quality was excellent with a balloon volume of 10 mL or greater. With a balloon volume of 7-10 mL, the visual field was 15-20 mm in diameter. Right-heart anatomy including the right free wall, ostium of the coronary sinus, atrioventricular node area, tricuspid valve, right ventricular structures, and pulmonary arteries was clearly and accurately identified. Additionally, spatial relationships among these structures could be established. Furthermore, there was an excellent concordance between endoscopically observed images and postmortem findings. In conclusion, balloon-tipped fiberoptic endoscopy can accurately visualize normal intracardiac structures with no or minimal hemodynamic compromise.
作者测试了球囊尖端光纤内窥镜在7只麻醉犬身上准确可视化和识别右心解剖结构的能力。将一根直径3.6毫米的光纤内窥镜插入右心房，其远端覆盖有乳胶球囊，以5毫升的增量向球囊内充气。心率未显示变化。当球囊体积分别为25毫升和20毫升时，平均动脉压和心输出量开始显著下降（n = 7）。当球囊体积为10毫升或更大时，视觉图像质量极佳。当球囊体积为7 - 10毫升时，视野直径为15 - 20毫米。包括右游离壁、冠状窦口、房室结区域、三尖瓣、右心室结构和肺动脉在内的右心解剖结构被清晰准确地识别出来。此外，还可以确定这些结构之间的空间关系。而且，内窥镜观察图像与尸检结果之间具有极佳的一致性。总之，球囊尖端光纤内窥镜能够在不造成或仅造成极小血流动力学影响的情况下准确可视化正常的心内结构。
