Kohler F W, Strain P S, Hoyson M, Davis L, Donina W M, Rapp N
Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212.
Behav Modif. 1995 Jan;19(1):10-32. doi: 10.1177/01454455950191002.
The effects of a group-oriented contingency on the social and supportive interactions of three preschoolers with autism and their socially competent peers were examined. Children participated in daily manipulative play activities in groups of three (including one target child and two peers). A group reinforcement contingency increased all three target children's social interactions with peers (e.g., share, assistance, and play organizers) but produced few or no corollary supportive exchanges within the playgroups (e.g., one socially competent youngster tells another to "Ask [target child] to share the Lego toys with us"). After a withdrawal of treatment phase in which social interactions decreased to low levels, children were taught to direct supportive comments to other members of their playgroups. Following this brief training, the interdependent group contingency was reinstated to reinforce the share, assistance, and play organizer exchanges between the target children and peers. In addition to interacting with the target children, socially competent youngsters also used supportive prompts to facilitate the social exchanges between their remaining group members. Children's social and supportive interactions decreased and increased again during subsequent baseline and group contingency phases. These results are discussed with regard to the efficacy of group-oriented contingencies and the function of supportive peer behaviors.
研究了一种以小组为导向的应急措施对三名自闭症学龄前儿童与其社交能力正常的同伴之间的社交和支持性互动的影响。孩子们三人一组参与日常的操作游戏活动（包括一名目标儿童和两名同伴）。小组强化应急措施增加了所有三名目标儿童与同伴的社交互动（例如，分享、协助和游戏组织者行为），但在游戏小组内几乎没有产生相应的支持性交流（例如，一名社交能力正常的年轻人告诉另一个人“让[目标儿童]和我们分享乐高玩具”）。在治疗阶段撤除后，社交互动降至低水平，孩子们被教导向游戏小组的其他成员表达支持性评论。经过这一简短培训后，恢复了相互依存的小组应急措施，以强化目标儿童与同伴之间的分享、协助和游戏组织者交流。除了与目标儿童互动外，社交能力正常的年轻人还使用支持性提示来促进其余小组成员之间的社交交流。在随后的基线和小组应急阶段，孩子们的社交和支持性互动再次减少和增加。讨论了这些结果与以小组为导向的应急措施的有效性以及支持性同伴行为的功能的关系。
