Liener I E
Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
J Nutr. 1995 Mar;125(3 Suppl):744S-750S.
For soybeans to serve as a good source of protein for feeding animals as well as humans, a certain amount of heat treatment or some other form of processing must be applied. This is because there are present in soybeans certain heat-labile factors that exert an adverse effect on the nutritional value of the protein. The so-called protease inhibitors have received the most attention in this regard and have been shown to exert their antinutritional effect in the short term by causing pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the rat, the underlying cause for an inhibition of growth in these animals. The prolonged feeding of raw soy flour or an enriched trypsin inhibitor fraction from soybeans to rats results in the development of hyperplastic and neoplastic nodules of the pancreas, including carcinomas. It should be emphasized that all of these adverse effects are seen when protease inhibitors are present in relatively high concentrations in the diet and may be completely unrelated to the anticarcinogenic effects seen at low concentrations of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Brief mention is also made of any possible adverse effects that may result from the presence of phytic acid and saponins in soybeans.
为了使大豆成为喂养动物和人类的优质蛋白质来源，必须进行一定程度的热处理或其他形式的加工。这是因为大豆中存在某些对热不稳定的因子，这些因子会对蛋白质的营养价值产生不利影响。在这方面，所谓的蛋白酶抑制剂受到了最多关注，并且已表明它们通过在大鼠中引起胰腺肥大和增生，在短期内发挥其抗营养作用，这是这些动物生长受抑制的根本原因。将生大豆粉或从大豆中提取的富含胰蛋白酶抑制剂的组分长期喂给大鼠，会导致胰腺出现增生性和肿瘤性结节，包括癌。应该强调的是，当饮食中蛋白酶抑制剂浓度相对较高时，会出现所有这些不良反应，而这些反应可能与低浓度的鲍曼-伯克抑制剂所产生的抗癌作用完全无关。文中还简要提及了大豆中植酸和皂苷的存在可能导致的任何不良影响。
