Rebok G W, Keyl P M, Bylsma F W, Blaustein M J, Tune L
Department of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1994 Winter;8(4):228-40. doi: 10.1097/00002093-199408040-00002.
Ten Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and 12 healthy elderly controls were evaluated on two tests of driving-related abilities: the Driver Performance Test (DPT) and the Driving Advisement System (DAS). Subjects were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to determine if severity of dementia in AD correlates with driving performance. On the DPT, the AD patients scored in the average range in two of five skill areas (predicting the effects of a hazard, deciding how to avoid it); below average in two areas (searching for a hazard, executing evasive actions); and poorly in one area (identifying hazards). The elderly controls scored at an average level in all five skill areas. On the DAS, AD patients were significantly slower than the elderly controls on simple, two-choice, and conditional reaction time tests and were much slower than drivers in general. The AD patients' performances on two cognitive tests, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Category Fluency Test, correlated significantly with aspects of performance on the DPT and the DAS. Although these are preliminary results from a pilot investigation, they suggest that AD patients' driving-related abilities are adversely affected by the disease and that driving-related performance tests and neuropsychological tests may be useful in assessing the impact of AD on driving.
对10名阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者和12名健康老年对照者进行了两项与驾驶相关能力的测试：驾驶性能测试（DPT）和驾驶建议系统（DAS）。对受试者进行了一系列神经心理学测试，以确定AD患者痴呆的严重程度是否与驾驶性能相关。在DPT测试中，AD患者在五个技能领域中的两个领域（预测危险的影响、决定如何避免危险）得分处于平均水平；在两个领域（寻找危险、执行规避动作）得分低于平均水平；在一个领域（识别危险）得分较差。老年对照者在所有五个技能领域的得分均处于平均水平。在DAS测试中，AD患者在简单、二选一和条件反应时间测试中明显比老年对照者慢，并且比一般驾驶员慢得多。AD患者在两项认知测试，即简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）和类别流畅性测试中的表现，与DPT和DAS测试中的表现方面显著相关。尽管这些是初步调查的初步结果，但它们表明AD患者与驾驶相关的能力受到该疾病的不利影响，并且与驾驶相关的性能测试和神经心理学测试可能有助于评估AD对驾驶的影响。
