Foster C, Rotimi C, Fraser H, Sundarum C, Liao Y, Gibson E, Holder Y, Hoyos M, Mellanson-King R
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.
Ethn Dis. 1993 Fall;3(4):404-12.
A stratified random sample of 464 persons aged 40 to 79 years, drawn from enumeration registers in the Bridgetown area of Barbados, participated in this survey. The prevalence of hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure of at least 160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of at least 95 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication) was 47% and 43% for women and men, respectively. Diabetes was present in 17% of all subjects (18% of women and 15% of men). Of the 209 hypertensive subjects, 82% were aware of their blood pressure status. The proportion of previously diagnosed hypertensive subjects on medication was 72% for men and 68% for women. Fifty-three percent of men and 42% of women were overweight (body mass indices [weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] between 25 and 30). However, 30% of women and 10% of men were obese (body mass indices over 30), supporting the growing recognition of the marked gender disparity in obesity among persons of African origin in the Caribbean. Body mass index was positively associated with hypertension (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6). Obese persons experienced a 2.6 times greater risk of hypertension compared to those with body mass indices below 25. Similar statistically significant associations were observed between diabetes and body mass index: OR comparing body mass index over 30 with body mass index under 25 was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3-5.1) for all subjects, 1.0 (0.3-4.1) for men only, and 5.2 (1.9-14) for women only. Preventing obesity in this population could reduce the incidence of hypertension and diabetes by approximately 30% and 33% among men and women, respectively.
从巴巴多斯布里奇顿地区的人口普查登记册中抽取了464名年龄在40至79岁之间的分层随机样本参与本次调查。高血压（定义为收缩压至少160毫米汞柱、舒张压至少95毫米汞柱或使用抗高血压药物）的患病率在女性和男性中分别为47%和43%。所有受试者中糖尿病的患病率为17%（女性为18%，男性为15%）。在209名高血压受试者中，82%知晓自己的血压状况。之前被诊断为高血压且正在服药的受试者比例，男性为72%，女性为68%。53%的男性和42%的女性超重（体重指数[千克体重除以身高米的平方]在25至30之间）。然而，30%的女性和10%的男性肥胖（体重指数超过30），这支持了人们越来越认识到加勒比地区非洲裔人群中肥胖存在明显的性别差异。体重指数与高血压呈正相关（比值比=1.33；95%置信区间：1.1 - 1.6）。与体重指数低于25的人相比，肥胖者患高血压的风险高2.6倍。在糖尿病和体重指数之间也观察到了类似的统计学显著关联：所有受试者中，体重指数超过30与低于25相比的比值比为2.5（95%置信区间：1.3 - 5.1），仅男性为1.0（0.3 - 4.1），仅女性为5.2（1.9 - 14）。在该人群中预防肥胖可分别使男性和女性的高血压发病率和糖尿病发病率降低约30%和33%。
