Martinez-Marcos F, Cisneros J, Gentil M, Algarra G, Pereira P, Aznar J, Pachon J
Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Dec;13(12):1023-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02111821.
A prospective study of the frequency, timing, etiology and risk factors of infections in renal transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation was conducted in 50 consecutive patients. Neither prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nor antiviral prophylaxis was administered. Two hundred twenty-eight episodes of infection were registered (4.5 per patient), 19 of which were severe. Forty-seven percent of all infectious episodes occurred during the first two months after transplantation. The more frequent infections were bacterial (64%), viral (22%) and fungal (11%). Escherichia coli was the most common agent isolated (n = 36), followed by cytomegalovirus (n = 32). Urinary tract infections were most common (n = 144), especially asymptomatic bacteriuria (n = 106). Surgical reintervention and the use of anti-lymphocytic globulins were associated with a higher frequency of severe infections (p < 0.05), and invasive candidiasis was associated with allograft loss (p < 0.03). Annual survival rates of patients and allografts were 100% and 94%, respectively. The frequency of mild infections was higher than that observed in other studies using bacterial or viral prophylaxis. Nevertheless, the number of severe infections and the survival rates of patients and allografts were similar to those reported in previous studies.
对50例连续的肾移植受者在移植后第一年的感染频率、时间、病因及危险因素进行了前瞻性研究。未给予甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑预防用药，也未进行抗病毒预防。共记录到228次感染发作（每位患者4.5次），其中19次为严重感染。所有感染发作的47%发生在移植后的头两个月。较常见的感染类型为细菌感染（64%）、病毒感染（22%）和真菌感染（11%）。分离出的最常见病原体是大肠杆菌（n = 36），其次是巨细胞病毒（n = 32）。尿路感染最为常见（n = 144），尤其是无症状菌尿（n = 106）。手术再次干预和使用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白与严重感染的较高频率相关（p < 0.05），侵袭性念珠菌病与移植肾丢失相关（p < 0.03）。患者和移植肾的年生存率分别为100%和94%。轻度感染的频率高于其他使用细菌或病毒预防措施的研究中观察到的频率。然而，严重感染的数量以及患者和移植肾的生存率与先前研究报道的相似。
