Vathy I, Rimanoczy A, Eaton R C, Katay L
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
Brain Res Bull. 1995;36(2):185-93. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(94)00192-4.
The concentration of brain catecholamines was measured in the hypothalamus, preoptic area (POA), frontal cortex, cerebellum, and striatum of rats exposed in utero to morphine (5-10 mg/kg/twice daily) during gestation days 11-18. Prenatal morphine induced regionally specific, sexually dimorphic alterations in male and female norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) content at different postnatal ages. Prenatal morphine significantly increased NE content in the hypothalamus of both sexes at postnatal day (PND) 23. In the POA, on the other hand, morphine increased NE content in exposed males at PND 23 and in females at PND 33. In the cerebellum, the NE content of both sexes was significantly elevated at PND 45. In the striatum, NE content was increased by the prenatal morphine only in females at PND 16. The concentration of DA was also affected in a sexually dimorphic manner. At PND 16, prenatal morphine increased the levels of hypothalamic DA only in males, and it reduced the content of DA in female but not male POA. At PND 45, prenatal morphine increased DA in the hypothalamus of females and decreased it in males. In the cerebellum of 16-day-old morphine-exposed animals, DA levels were increased only in males; at PND 45, the levels of DA were still increased in males but had not changed in females. In the striatum, the DA content was reduced only in males at PND 16. Thus, prenatal morphine alters the development of both NE and DA neurotransmitter systems in the hypothalamus, POA, striatum, and cerebellum in a sexually dimorphic manner.
在妊娠第11至18天子宫内暴露于吗啡（5 - 10毫克/千克/每日两次）的大鼠的下丘脑、视前区（POA）、额叶皮质、小脑和纹状体中测量脑儿茶酚胺的浓度。产前吗啡在不同出生后年龄诱导了雄性和雌性去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）含量的区域特异性、性别二态性改变。产前吗啡在出生后第23天显著增加了两性下丘脑的NE含量。另一方面，在视前区，吗啡在出生后第23天增加了暴露雄性的NE含量，在出生后第33天增加了雌性的NE含量。在小脑中，两性的NE含量在出生后第45天显著升高。在纹状体中，产前吗啡仅在出生后第16天增加了雌性的NE含量。多巴胺的浓度也受到性别二态性的影响。在出生后第16天，产前吗啡仅增加了雄性下丘脑的多巴胺水平，并且它降低了雌性视前区的多巴胺含量，但未降低雄性的。在出生后第45天，产前吗啡增加了雌性下丘脑的多巴胺含量，降低了雄性的。在出生后第16天暴露于吗啡的动物的小脑中，多巴胺水平仅在雄性中增加；在出生后第45天，雄性的多巴胺水平仍然增加，但雌性没有变化。在纹状体中，出生后第16天仅雄性的多巴胺含量降低。因此，产前吗啡以性别二态性的方式改变了下丘脑、视前区、纹状体和小脑中NE和DA神经递质系统的发育。
