Fagard R H, Thijs L B, Amery A K
Department of Molecular and Cardiovascular Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, K. U. L., Belgium.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jan;27(1):29-34.
To study the influence of gender on peak oxygen uptake and on the hemodynamic response to dynamic exercise in essential hypertension, 45 male and 45 female patients, matched for age and blood pressure, were studied. Blood pressure was measured intra-arterially and cardiac output by the direct oxygen Fick method. Anthropometric gender differences were accounted for by statistical adjustment for height and weight. The increase of absolute and adjusted stroke volume from sitting at rest to submaximal (50 W) and to peak bicycle exercise was smaller in women than in men (P < 0.05). At 50 W, oxygen uptake (0.96 vs 0.97 l.min-1) and cardiac output (10.9 vs 11.2 l.min-1) were not different between women and men, due to the steeper exercise-induced rises of heart rate (P < 0.001) and arteriovenous oxygen difference (P < 0.05) in the women. Women reached the same peak heart rate as men (168 vs 173 b.min-1), so that the lower (P < 0.001) stroke volume (77 vs 99 ml) and cardiac output (12.9 vs 17.0 l.min-1), together with the lower hemoglobin concentration, contributed to their impaired peak oxygen uptake (P < 0.001), both before (1.35 vs 2.17 l.min-1) and after adjustment for body size (1.44 vs 2.07 l.min-1). In conclusion, at fixed submaximal exercise, women achieve the same oxygen uptake and cardiac output as men despite a lower stroke volume, through adaptations of heart rate and peripheral oxygen extraction; their peak aerobic power and cardiac output are, however, substantially lower than in men.
为研究性别对原发性高血压患者峰值摄氧量及动态运动血流动力学反应的影响，我们对45例年龄和血压相匹配的男性患者和45例女性患者进行了研究。采用动脉内测量血压，直接氧耗Fick法测量心输出量。通过对身高和体重进行统计调整来消除人体测量学上的性别差异。从静息坐位到次极量运动（50W）以及到峰值自行车运动时，女性绝对和校正后每搏输出量的增加均小于男性（P<0.05）。在50W时，女性和男性的摄氧量（0.96 vs 0.97 l.min-1）和心输出量（10.9 vs 11.2 l.min-1）并无差异，这是因为女性运动诱发的心率上升更为陡峭（P<0.001）以及动静脉氧差更大（P<0.05）。女性达到的峰值心率与男性相同（168 vs 173 b.min-1），因此较低的每搏输出量（P<0.001）（77 vs 99 ml）和心输出量（12.9 vs 17.0 l.min-1），再加上较低的血红蛋白浓度，导致她们的峰值摄氧量受损（P<0.001），无论是在调整体型之前（1.35 vs 2.17 l.min-1）还是之后（1.44 vs 2.07 l.min-1）。总之，在固定的次极量运动中，尽管女性每搏输出量较低，但通过心率和外周氧摄取的适应性变化，她们能达到与男性相同的摄氧量和心输出量；然而，她们的峰值有氧能力和心输出量显著低于男性。
