Appenroth D, Gambaryan S, Winnefeld K, Leiterer M, Fleck C, Bräunlich H
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Toxicology. 1995 Feb 27;96(3):203-15. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(94)02919-l.
Until now the effect of thallium (Tl) on renal function has not been investigated systematically. Therefore, the dose (5, 10, 15, 20 mg Tl2SO4/kg body wt., intraperitoneally) and time-dependence of renal damage was investigated in diuresis experiments on conscious rats. Morphology was evaluated after perfusion fixation in situ. Morphologic changes were localized in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, mostly expressed at the 2nd day after Tl administration, which were completely normalized again at the 10th day. Other parameters such as Tl concentration, changes in water content and the activity of Na+/K(+)-ATPase as well as the diuretic effect of furosemide confirmed the Tl effect to be localized in the renal medulla. One single Tl administration is followed by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine volume and an increase of proteinuria. Electrolyte excretion was only slightly changed. All changes were reversible within the 10-day investigation period.
迄今为止，铊（Tl）对肾功能的影响尚未得到系统研究。因此，在清醒大鼠的利尿实验中，研究了肾损伤的剂量（5、10、15、20 mg Tl2SO4/kg体重，腹腔注射）和时间依赖性。在原位灌注固定后评估形态学。形态学变化定位于髓袢升支粗段，大多在给予铊后第2天出现，在第10天又完全恢复正常。其他参数，如铊浓度、含水量变化、Na+/K(+)-ATP酶活性以及呋塞米的利尿作用，证实铊的作用定位于肾髓质。单次给予铊后，肾小球滤过率（GFR）和尿量降低，蛋白尿增加。电解质排泄仅有轻微变化。在10天的研究期内，所有变化都是可逆的。
