Jepsen O B, Jensen L P, Zimakoff J, Friis H, Bissoonauthsing C N, Kasenally A T, Fareed D, Johansen K S, Worning A M
National Centre for Hospital Hygiene, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Hosp Infect. 1993 Dec;25(4):271-8. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(93)90113-e.
As part of a programme for improving hospital infection control in Mauritius a nationwide survey, including a prevalence study, was carried out in order to identify characteristics of the hospitals, the population, and the infections. Community-acquired infections were three times more prevalent than nosocomial infections: 15.0% and 4.9%, respectively. Surgical wound infection was by far the most common nosocomial infection, with a prevalence rate of 8.2 per 100 operations, followed by urinary tract infection with a low rate of 0.8 per 100 admissions. The survey showed that these hospitals in Mauritius housed mainly a young population (mean of 36.8 years for females and 39.4 years for males) with few risk factors for acquiring nosocomial infection. Although diabetes mellitus is prevalent in Mauritius the diagnosis of diabetes was not associated with nosocomial infection. The spectrum of operations offered was limited, and Caesarean section was the most prevalent operation. The amount and types of antibiotics used in hospitalized patients were recorded. More than one third of the patients received antibiotic treatment at the time of the survey, which is comparable to figures reported from large teaching hospitals in Western Europe. The information gathered from the survey, the interviews and the inspection were used to establish priorities for a collaborative programme for improved infection control. It included the draft of a set of custom-made guidelines, which were eventually studied by staff members from hospitals in Mauritius during a training period in Denmark. We believe that a prevalence survey is useful for initiating infection control programmes in hospitals in developing countries.
作为毛里求斯改善医院感染控制计划的一部分，开展了一项包括患病率研究在内的全国性调查，以确定医院、人群和感染的特征。社区获得性感染的患病率是医院感染的三倍，分别为15.0%和4.9%。手术伤口感染是迄今为止最常见的医院感染，每100例手术的患病率为8.2%，其次是尿路感染，每100例入院患者的患病率较低，为0.8%。调查显示，毛里求斯的这些医院主要收治年轻人群（女性平均年龄为36.8岁，男性为39.4岁），发生医院感染的危险因素较少。尽管糖尿病在毛里求斯很普遍，但糖尿病的诊断与医院感染无关。所提供的手术种类有限，剖宫产是最常见的手术。记录了住院患者使用的抗生素数量和种类。超过三分之一的患者在调查时接受了抗生素治疗，这与西欧大型教学医院报告的数据相当。从调查、访谈和检查中收集到的信息被用于确定加强感染控制合作计划的优先事项。其中包括一套定制指南的草案，毛里求斯各医院的工作人员最终在丹麦的培训期间对其进行了研究。我们认为，患病率调查有助于在发展中国家的医院启动感染控制计划。
