Wang X, Qin Q, Xu X, Xu J, Wang J, Zhou J, Huang S, Zhai W, Zhou H, Chen J
Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology Nanjing Medical College, China.
Toxicology. 1994 May 31;90(1-2):93-101. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(94)90208-9.
Urinary biochemical indicators of renal injury were examined in 84 male and 38 female ferrochromium-producing workers exposed to water-soluble chromium compounds [Cr(VI)]. The indicators examined included urinary chromium (U-Cr), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases (GOT & GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), total protein (TPr) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG). The U-Cr levels in the exposed group were approximately 1.8 times that of the control group. Compared to controls, the activities of gamma-GT, NAG, ALP, GOT and LDH in the urine of workers were significantly increased whenever U-Cr concentration exceeded 45 microgram/g creatinine. The activities of gamma-GT, GOT and NAG were elevated in workers employed for longer than ten years. However, no clear dose-response relationships nor time-effect relationships were found. The present results suggest that long-term exposure to water-soluble chromium [Cr(VI)] produces chronic renal injury. The site of the injury appears to mainly involve the proximal tubule. U-Cr concentrations of > 15 microgram/g creatinine can be proposed as a threshold dosage for nephrotoxicity, and gamma-GT, NAG and ALP are early sensitive indicators of the most valuable for evaluating the renal injury.
对84名接触水溶性铬化合物[Cr(VI)]的男性和38名女性铬铁生产工人进行了肾损伤的尿生化指标检测。检测的指标包括尿铬（U-Cr）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-GT）、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶（GOT和GPT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、总蛋白（TPr）和β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）。暴露组的U-Cr水平约为对照组水平的1.8倍。与对照组相比，当U-Cr浓度超过45微克/克肌酐时，工人尿液中γ-GT、NAG、ALP、GOT和LDH的活性显著增加。工作超过十年的工人γ-GT、GOT和NAG的活性升高。然而，未发现明确的剂量-反应关系和时间-效应关系。目前的结果表明，长期接触水溶性铬[Cr(VI)]会导致慢性肾损伤。损伤部位似乎主要累及近端小管。可将U-Cr浓度>15微克/克肌酐作为肾毒性的阈值剂量，γ-GT、NAG和ALP是评估肾损伤最有价值的早期敏感指标。
