Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2011 Apr;84(4):393-401. doi: 10.1007/s00420-010-0569-4. Epub 2010 Aug 18.
To determine the nephritic toxicity of chromate after chronic occupational exposure.
The environmental contamination was assessed by measuring the chromium (Cr) in 8-h airborne sampler. The integrated level of Cr was determined by Cr concentrations in the whole blood (WB-Cr) and the urine (U-Cr). The renal glomerular and tubule impairment was evaluated by determination of cystatin C (Cys-C) in the serum and microalbumin (mALB), urinary beta(2)-microglobulin (β(2)M), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the urine.
The mean occupational exposure time to Cr was 12.86 years with average daily air level of 27.13 μg/m(3) comparing to 0.11 μg/m(3) of the background level. The WB-Cr and U-Cr were 23.49 μg/L and 17.41 μg/g creatinine (Cre), respectively in the chromate-exposed workers comparing to 3.32 μg/L and 1.52 μg/g Cre in the controls. The serum Cys-C and urinary mALB were significantly increased in the chromate-exposed workers. Exposure to Cr seems to induce an enhanced level of urinary NAG activity and β(2)M concentration. The increased serum Cys-C concentration was positively correlated with the level of serum Cre. The U-Cr was positively correlated to the concentrations of urinary mALB, β(2)M, and the activity of NAG.
Chronic occupational exposure to chromate causes comprehensive renal impairment though more severity could occur in the tubule than in the glomerular.
确定慢性职业接触铬酸盐后的肾毒性。
通过测量 8 小时空气采样器中的铬来评估环境污染。通过全血（WB-Cr）和尿液（U-Cr）中的 Cr 浓度来确定 Cr 的综合水平。通过测定血清中胱抑素 C（Cys-C）和尿中微量白蛋白（mALB）、β2-微球蛋白（β2M）、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）活性来评估肾小球和肾小管损伤。
Cr 的平均职业暴露时间为 12.86 年，平均日空气水平为 27.13μg/m3，而背景水平为 0.11μg/m3。与对照组 3.32μg/L 和 1.52μg/g Cre 相比，铬酸盐暴露工人的 WB-Cr 和 U-Cr 分别为 23.49μg/L 和 17.41μg/g Cre。铬酸盐暴露工人的血清 Cys-C 和尿 mALB 明显升高。Cr 的暴露似乎会导致尿 NAG 活性和β2M 浓度升高。血清 Cys-C 浓度的增加与血清 Cre 水平呈正相关。U-Cr 与尿 mALB、β2M 和 NAG 活性的浓度呈正相关。
慢性职业接触铬酸盐会导致全面的肾损伤，尽管肾小管的损伤可能比肾小球更严重。
