Mørland J
National Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Oslo, Norway.
Bull Narc. 1993;45(2):83-113.
The article begins with a discussion of the common features of drug-testing programmes. Regulations, procedures and methods for the collection of biological specimens, the subsequent handling and analysis of the specimens and the reporting of the interpreted results are all important aspects to be dealt with in testing programmes. Different types of testing are examined. Pre-employment testing is a popular type of screening but a number of other programmes exist, including post-accident, reasonable suspicion, post-treatment, random and voluntary testing programmes. The goals of these programmes range from improvement of employees' health, safety, quality of life in the workplace and productivity to reduction of drug misuse in society at large. Emphasis is placed on the need for scientific evaluation and on examining whether those goals have been achieved. In the absence of such evaluation, drug-testing programmes should be carried out with caution; some modifications of existing programmes are suggested.
本文开篇讨论了药物检测项目的共同特征。生物样本采集的法规、程序和方法，样本随后的处理与分析以及解读结果的报告，都是检测项目中需要处理的重要方面。文中考察了不同类型的检测。入职前检测是一种常见的筛查方式，但还存在许多其他项目，包括事故后检测、合理怀疑检测、治疗后检测、随机检测和自愿检测项目。这些项目的目标涵盖从改善员工健康、安全、工作场所生活质量和生产力到减少整个社会药物滥用等多个方面。重点强调了科学评估的必要性以及审视这些目标是否已经实现。在缺乏此类评估的情况下，药物检测项目应谨慎开展；文中还对现有项目提出了一些改进建议。
