Whitaker R C, Wright J A, Koepsell T D, Finch A J, Psaty B M
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 Oct;148(10):1085-91. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170100083016.
To describe the demographic characteristics of children that were associated with the selection of low-fat entrees available in a school lunch program.
For 5 consecutive months, we recorded student entree selections on the 46 days in which one of the two available lunch entrees was low fat (< or = 30% of calories from fat). Entree selections were tracked using a computerized meal-card system. The lunch menus did not indicate that one of the two entrees was low fat. Demographic and family characteristics were obtained from the school district's registration database and, in one school, from a household telephone survey.
A school lunch program in two public elementary schools in Bellevue, Wash.
Students who regularly eat school lunches (N = 471). Sixty-five percent were from families with incomes less than 185% of the federal poverty level, and 49% were nonwhite.
None.
The proportion of days that each student selected the low-fat entree.
Girls selected the low-fat entree more often than boys (33% of days vs 27% of days; P < .001), and the proportion of students selecting the low-fat entree increased with grade level (P = .003). Children were more likely to select low-fat entrees if a household member was known to have an elevated blood cholesterol level (P = .004). The proportion of students selecting the low-fat entree increased with maternal education level (P = .007), but children receiving free or reduced-price lunches (< 185% of the federal poverty level) chose the low-fat entree as often as those receiving full-price lunches (30% of days vs 29% of days; P = .14). There were no significant differences in entree selection among races.
Given a choice of low-fat school lunch entrees, girls, older children, and those who had family members with elevated cholesterol levels were most likely to select these entrees. While parental education level was directly related to the selection of low-fat entrees, race and family income had little association with entree selection.
描述与学校午餐计划中低脂主菜选择相关的儿童人口统计学特征。
连续5个月，我们在46天里记录了学生的主菜选择情况，这46天里提供的两种午餐主菜中有一种是低脂的（脂肪热量占比≤30%）。使用计算机化餐卡系统追踪主菜选择情况。午餐菜单未标明两种主菜中有低脂菜品。人口统计学和家庭特征数据来自学区注册数据库，在一所学校还来自家庭电话调查。
华盛顿州贝尔维尤市两所公立小学的学校午餐计划。
经常在学校吃午餐的学生（N = 471）。65%的学生来自收入低于联邦贫困线185%的家庭，49%为非白人。
无。
每个学生选择低脂主菜的天数比例。
女生选择低脂主菜的频率高于男生（33%的天数对27%的天数；P <.001），选择低脂主菜的学生比例随年级升高而增加（P =.003）。如果已知家庭成员血液胆固醇水平升高，儿童更有可能选择低脂主菜（P =.004）。选择低脂主菜的学生比例随母亲教育水平的提高而增加（P =.007），但享受免费或减价午餐（低于联邦贫困线185%）的儿童选择低脂主菜的频率与享受全价午餐的儿童相同（30%的天数对29%的天数；P =.14）。不同种族在主菜选择上无显著差异。
在有低脂学校午餐主菜可供选择的情况下，女生、年龄较大的儿童以及家庭成员胆固醇水平升高的儿童最有可能选择这些主菜。虽然父母教育水平与低脂主菜的选择直接相关，但种族和家庭收入与主菜选择关联不大。
