Loder P B, Kamm M A, Nicholls R J, Phillips R K
St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
Br J Surg. 1994 Jul;81(7):946-54. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800810707.
Haemorrhoidal disease is the consequence of distal displacement of the anal cushions, which are normal structures with an important role in continence. The causes of haemorrhoidal disease are unknown; constipation and abnormal bowel habit are commonly blamed despite largely contrary evidence. The most consistently demonstrated physiological abnormality is an increased maximum resting anal pressure. Most evidence points to this being a secondary phenomenon rather than the cause of haemorrhoidal disease. Among the many unexplored areas are the function of the longitudinal muscle in relation to haemorrhoidal disease, the description and pharmacological responsiveness of the anal subepithelial muscle, and the clinical role of specific pharmacological agents that might reverse some of the observed physiological changes.
痔病是肛垫远端移位的结果，肛垫是正常结构，在控便中起重要作用。痔病的病因尚不清楚；尽管有大量相反证据，但便秘和排便习惯异常常被归咎于此。最一致证实的生理异常是最大静息肛管压力增加。大多数证据表明这是一种继发现象而非痔病的病因。许多未探索的领域包括纵向肌与痔病相关的功能、肛管上皮下肌的描述及其药理反应性，以及可能逆转一些观察到的生理变化的特定药物的临床作用。
