Allerberger F, Wötzer G, Dierich M P, Moritz C, Fritsch P, Haas W
Institut für Hygiene, Universität Innsbruck.
Immun Infekt. 1994 Feb;22(1):30-2.
Cercariae from trematodes of birds are capable of penetrating human skin causing a dermatitis, called swimmer's itch. In 1992, after a hot dry summer there was a marked increase in the incidence of cercarial dermatitis in Austria. Although the increased incidence of this complaint can be quite worrisome for the population, the occurrence of swimmer's itch can, in fact, generally be seen as harmless. Cercarial dermatitis responds well to treatment with topical antihistamines or cortisone; even without medication the skin rash heals within 2-3 weeks. The effectiveness of various preventive measures (such as protective sun cream or patting the skin dry) is controversial. The use of molluscicides is definitely contraindicated due to the inoffensive nature of this dermatitis. While it is usually easy to recognize swimmer's itch when there is an increased incidence, the diagnosis is often missed when it occurs sporadically, due to its unspecific characteristics.
鸟类吸虫的尾蚴能够穿透人体皮肤，引发一种名为“游泳者瘙痒症”的皮炎。1992年，在经历了一个炎热干燥的夏天后，奥地利尾蚴性皮炎的发病率显著上升。尽管这种疾病发病率的增加可能会让民众颇为担忧，但实际上，游泳者瘙痒症通常被视为无害。尾蚴性皮炎使用外用抗组胺药或可的松治疗效果良好；即使不使用药物，皮疹也会在2至3周内痊愈。各种预防措施（如使用防晒乳或拍干皮肤）的效果存在争议。由于这种皮炎并无危害，所以绝对禁止使用杀软体动物剂。当发病率上升时，游泳者瘙痒症通常很容易识别，但由于其症状不具特异性，当它偶尔出现时，诊断往往会被漏诊。
