Leitch A R, Schwarzacher T, Leitch I J
School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, UK.
Histochem J. 1994 Jun;26(6):471-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00157892.
This paper describes some of the major advances that have been made in the cytogenetics of the small-grained cereals (Triticeae) using fluorochromes to detect nucleic acids in situ. The method, widely known as fluorescence in situ hybridization, has made a contribution in several areas including (i) chromosome mapping programmes, and (ii) cereal breeding programmes. Flow cytometry of cereal chromosomes has now been developed for the generation of chromosome enriched libraries; these libraries will ultimately be of use in both the cereal mapping and breeding programmes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has also made a major contribution to the understanding of cereal genome structure by elucidating the distribution of different classes of DNA sequence. By using suitable nucleic acid probes whole chromosomes can now be identified in interphase nuclei. The labelling patterns have revealed a structured arrangement of chromosomes at interphase. Not only are chromosomes organized but the ribosomal RNA genes also show structured patterns of condensation and expression. Progress in each of these areas has been rapid in recent years and this progress is described.
本文描述了利用荧光染料原位检测核酸在小粒谷物（小麦族）细胞遗传学方面取得的一些主要进展。这种方法，即广为人知的荧光原位杂交，在几个领域都做出了贡献，包括（i）染色体图谱绘制计划，以及（ii）谷物育种计划。现在已经开发出了谷物染色体的流式细胞术，用于生成染色体富集文库；这些文库最终将用于谷物图谱绘制和育种计划。荧光原位杂交通过阐明不同类别的DNA序列的分布，也为理解谷物基因组结构做出了重大贡献。通过使用合适的核酸探针，现在可以在间期核中识别整条染色体。标记模式揭示了间期染色体的结构化排列。不仅染色体是有组织的，核糖体RNA基因也显示出浓缩和表达的结构化模式。近年来，这些领域中的每一个都取得了迅速进展，本文对此进展进行了描述。
