Simon E, Leach L, Winocur G, Moscovitch M
Department of Psychology, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, North York, Ontario, Canada.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1994 Jun;16(3):414-22. doi: 10.1080/01688639408402652.
The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT; Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 1987) was administered to patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) (Group AD; n = 13) and to a control group of normal older adults (Group NC; n = 13) matched on age and education. Two measures were used to determine whether primary memory (PM) is impaired in early AD. One measure, considered a relatively "pure" measure of PM, is based on the procedure developed by Tulving and Colotla (1970) which considers an item to be recalled from PM if no more than six items intervene between its presentation and recall. The other measure is the more commonly used recall from recency. No significant difference between the AD and NC Groups was found, both on the Tulving and Colotla measure, as well as on the recall from recency measure of PM. A significant difference was obtained on two measures of secondary memory (SM), namely, Tulving and Colotla's measure and recall from the primacy and middle regions of the list of words. In comparison to NC, and AD patients showed little evidence of learning over the five trials, and poor retention even over short delays. In addition, the patients with AD showed deficits in clustering words by taxonomic category at recall. We conclude that impairment in PM cannot be used as a diagnostic marker of AD in the early stages of the disease process.
对轻度至中度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者（AD组；n = 13）以及年龄和教育程度相匹配的正常老年人对照组（NC组；n = 13）进行了加利福尼亚言语学习测试（CVLT；德利、克莱默、卡普兰和奥伯，1987年）。使用了两项指标来确定早期AD患者的初级记忆（PM）是否受损。一项指标被认为是PM的相对“纯粹”指标，它基于图尔文和科洛特拉（1970年）开发的程序，该程序认为，如果一个项目在呈现和回忆之间的间隔不超过六个项目，则该项目是从PM中回忆出来的。另一项指标是更常用的近因回忆。在图尔文和科洛特拉指标以及PM的近因回忆指标上，AD组和NC组之间均未发现显著差异。在两项次级记忆（SM）指标上获得了显著差异，即图尔文和科洛特拉的指标以及从单词列表的首因和中间区域的回忆。与NC组相比，AD患者在五次试验中几乎没有学习迹象，即使在短时间延迟后保持能力也很差。此外，AD患者在回忆时按分类类别对单词进行聚类存在缺陷。我们得出结论，在疾病过程的早期阶段，PM受损不能用作AD的诊断标志物。
