Kettles A M
Frances Harrison College of Healthcare, St Luke's Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1994 Aug;20(2):368-76. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20020368.x.
Nurses commonly use catharsis and cathartic techniques as part of their clinical practice to enable clients and themselves to release emotion, to feel better and to facilitate coping. However, the literature does not provide clinical nursing evidence for its use. The main purpose of the investigation is to examine the beliefs about and understanding of catharsis which two groups of nurses hold: one group of nurse teachers and one group of nursing students. One hundred and forty-two respondents completed self-administered questionnaires asking about their understanding of and beliefs about catharsis as being beneficial, social, negative or psychotherapeutic in nature. The possible relationship of their answers to age, sex, philosophical orientation and qualifications was deemed to be important. The results suggest nurses understand that catharsis is related to emotion and has a psychotherapeutic purpose. However, there appear to be gaps in their understanding. Nurses also seem to believe that the release and expression of emotions is more acceptable for women than for men. There is also evidence that the more experienced nurses think differently from less experienced nurses, placing more emphasis on behaviour rather than emotion as they grow older. The problems associated with catharsis are discussed along with the implications for research and practice.
护士在临床实践中通常会使用宣泄及宣泄疗法，以使患者及自身释放情绪、感觉更好并促进应对。然而，文献中并未提供其使用的临床护理证据。该调查的主要目的是考察两组护士——一组是护士教师，另一组是护生——对宣泄的看法和理解。142名受访者完成了自填式问卷，问卷询问了他们对宣泄在本质上是有益、社交性、负面还是心理治疗性的理解和看法。他们的答案与年龄、性别、哲学取向及资质之间可能存在的关系被认为很重要。结果表明，护士们明白宣泄与情绪相关且具有心理治疗目的。然而，他们的理解似乎存在差距。护士们似乎还认为，情绪的释放和表达对女性而言比男性更可接受。也有证据表明，经验更丰富的护士与经验较少的护士想法不同，随着年龄增长，他们更强调行为而非情绪。文中讨论了与宣泄相关的问题以及对研究和实践的启示。
