Wood P D
Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University, CA 94305.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Jul;26(7):838-43.
Much work on the relationship of exercise level to cardiovascular risk factors has been stimulated by the pioneering epidemiological studies of Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger. At Stanford we have conducted a series of studies since 1973, with the following major findings. Very active middle-aged men and women (compared with sedentary controls) have higher plasma lipoprotein concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lower levels of very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), and often moderately lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Lipoprotein subfractions are also different: higher levels of HDL2 and lower levels of "small" LDL in the active groups. Very active people are leaner and smoke less. All of these characteristics predict lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). A 1-yr trial of jogging in sedentary men suggested that 8-10 miles.wk-1 of running is required for significant HDL changes. Body fat loss correlated positively with distance run, with increase in HDL, and with increase in caloric intake. A 1-yr trial in overweight men showed that fat loss by dieting alone or by exercising alone results in similar elevation of HDL cholesterol. A 1-yr trial in sedentary, overweight men and women losing weight on a hypocaloric low-fat diet showed that addition of regular exercise increases weight loss, improves lipoprotein pattern, and further decreases 12-yr CHD risk.
拉尔夫·帕芬巴格博士开创性的流行病学研究激发了许多关于运动水平与心血管危险因素关系的研究。自1973年以来，我们在斯坦福大学进行了一系列研究，有以下主要发现。非常活跃的中年男性和女性（与久坐不动的对照组相比）具有较高的血浆高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇脂蛋白浓度、较低的极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）胆固醇和甘油三酯（TG）水平，并且低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇水平通常适度降低。脂蛋白亚组分也有所不同：活跃组中HDL2水平较高，“小”LDL水平较低。非常活跃的人更瘦，吸烟更少。所有这些特征都预示着冠心病（CHD）风险较低。一项针对久坐男性的慢跑1年试验表明，每周跑8 - 10英里才能使HDL有显著变化。体重减轻与跑步距离、HDL增加以及热量摄入增加呈正相关。一项针对超重男性的1年试验表明，仅通过节食或仅通过运动减肥都会使HDL胆固醇有类似程度的升高。一项针对久坐、超重的男性和女性的1年试验表明，在低热量低脂饮食基础上进行减肥，增加规律运动可增加体重减轻、改善脂蛋白模式，并进一步降低12年冠心病风险。
