MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Oct 21;43(41):751, 757-8.
Lead poisoning is a major environmental health problem for children in the United States (1,2): during 1988-1991, approximately 1.7 million U.S. children aged 1-5 years had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (> or = 10 micrograms/dL) (3). To determine the source of lead exposure for children with BLLs > or = 20 micrograms/dL, the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) conducts environmental investigations. In 1993, as a result of investigations of increased BLLs in two children in southwestern Arizona, ADHS detected lead levels approximately 30 times the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb) in bulk-delivered drinking water in the homes of these children. Because two of the three companies that supplied bulk water to southwestern Arizona were based in California, ADHS notified the California State Department of Health Services (CSDHS) about the problem. As a result, CSDHS conducted a separate investigation and identified one child with an elevated BLL whose drinking water sources included bulk-delivered water with lead levels exceeding EPA standards. This report summarizes the investigations of elevated BLLs in these three children and high lead levels in bulk-delivered drinking water in Arizona and California.
铅中毒是美国儿童面临的一个主要环境卫生问题（1,2）：在1988 - 1991年期间，约170万1 - 5岁的美国儿童血铅水平（BLLs）升高（≥10微克/分升）（3）。为确定血铅水平≥20微克/分升的儿童的铅暴露源，亚利桑那州卫生服务部（ADHS）开展了环境调查。1993年，由于对亚利桑那州西南部两名儿童血铅水平升高进行调查，ADHS在这些儿童家中批量供应的饮用水中检测到铅含量约为环境保护局（EPA）行动水平15十亿分之一（ppb）的30倍。因为向亚利桑那州西南部供应大量水的三家公司中有两家位于加利福尼亚州，ADHS将该问题通知了加利福尼亚州卫生服务部（CSDHS）。结果，CSDHS进行了单独调查，并确定了一名血铅水平升高的儿童，其饮用水源包括铅含量超过EPA标准的批量供应水。本报告总结了对这三名儿童血铅水平升高以及亚利桑那州和加利福尼亚州批量供应饮用水中高铅水平的调查情况。
