Akar Z C, Dujovny M, Slavin K V, Gomez-Tortosa E, Ausman J I
University of Illinois, Department of Neurosurgery, Chicago 60612-7329.
Neurol Res. 1994 Jun;16(3):171-80. doi: 10.1080/01616412.1994.11740221.
We studied the intracranial portion of the vertebral artery and its branches in 11 cadaveric specimens. We evaluated the course of vessels and their dimensions (external diameter and length), as well as relationships between each of them. The vertebral artery was larger on the left side in two cases, on the right in five cases, and equal on both sides in four cases. The right and left vertebral arteries joined each other forming the basilar artery at the level of the pontomedullary junction in four cases, 2 mm below it in one case, and 1 to 7 mm above it in six cases. We divided all branches of the intracranial vertebral artery into two groups: the medial branches and the lateral branches. Two major types of medial branches were observed: the anterior spinal artery and the branches of the foramen caecum. The origin of the anterior spinal artery was located 6.5 mm (5-11 mm) proximal to vertebrobasilar junction on the right and 8.5 mm (6-17 mm) on the left. The anterior spinal artery was absent on the right in two cases and on the left in one. Branches arising from the vertebral artery to the foramen caecum were found in four brains. Lateral branches originated from the posterolateral or lateral aspect of vertebral artery. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery, the largest branch of the vertebral artery, was included in this group. Other branches were mostly located between the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the vertebrobasilar junction. Forty-six lateral branches originating from the vertebral artery were found in 11 brains (26 on the right and 20 on the left). Lateral branches widely anastomosed with perforators from the basilar artery, posterior inferior cerebral artery, and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery.
我们在11个尸体标本中研究了椎动脉颅内段及其分支。我们评估了血管的走行及其尺寸（外径和长度），以及它们之间的相互关系。椎动脉左侧大于右侧的有2例，右侧大于左侧的有5例，两侧相等的有4例。右侧和左侧椎动脉在脑桥延髓交界处水平相互汇合形成基底动脉的有4例，在其下方2mm处汇合的有1例，在其上方1至7mm处汇合的有6例。我们将颅内椎动脉的所有分支分为两组：内侧分支和外侧分支。观察到内侧分支有两种主要类型：脊髓前动脉和盲孔分支。脊髓前动脉的起源位于右侧椎动脉基底动脉交界处近端6.5mm（5 - 11mm）处，左侧为8.5mm（6 - 17mm）处。右侧有2例、左侧有1例未发现脊髓前动脉。在4个脑标本中发现有从椎动脉发出至盲孔的分支。外侧分支起源于椎动脉的后外侧或外侧。椎动脉最大的分支小脑后下动脉属于这一组。其他分支大多位于小脑后下动脉起源与椎动脉基底动脉交界处之间。在11个脑标本中发现了46条起源于椎动脉的外侧分支（右侧26条，左侧20条）。外侧分支与来自基底动脉、大脑后下动脉和小脑前下动脉的穿支广泛吻合。
