Fergusson D M, Horwood L J
Christchurch Health and Development Study, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
Pediatrics. 1994 Nov;94(5):662-8.
This study examines the relationships between nocturnal enuresis in childhood and measures of behavioral adjustment in adolescence using data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children.
Data was collected on patterns of nocturnal bladder control at annual intervals to the age of 13 years. At ages 11, 13, and 15 years measures of conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and anxiety/withdrawal were gathered.
The analysis showed that children who were bed-wetting after the age of 10 years as a result of either primary or secondary enuresis had increased rates of behavioral problems up to the age of 15 years with these children having mean behavior scores that were between .30 to .65 standard deviations higher than children who ceased bed-wetting before the age of 5 years. Regression analysis indicated that these associations were largely spurious and arose because the age of cessation of bedwetting was correlated with a series of factors (gender, social maturity, childhood IQ, family social background, family stress, and parental conflict) that were also associated with increased rates of adolescent behavior problems. However, even after adjusting for these factors, children who were bed-wetting after the age of 10 years showed slight increases in rates of conduct problems and attention deficit behaviors up to the age of 13 years and increases rates of anxiety/withdrawal up to the age of 15 years.
It is concluded that bed-wetting after the age of 10 years is associated with small but detectable increases in risks of conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and anxiety/withdrawal in early adolescence. These results show that although it is not the case that children showing nocturnal enuresis are at markedly increased risks of serious psychiatric problems, it may be prudent to determine the extent to which children who are bed-wetting after the age of 10 years show increases in anxious or problem behaviors.
本研究利用对一组新西兰儿童出生队列进行的为期15年的纵向研究过程中收集的数据，探讨儿童期夜间遗尿与青少年行为调适指标之间的关系。
每年收集一次直至13岁的夜间膀胱控制模式数据。在11岁、13岁和15岁时，收集品行问题、注意力缺陷行为以及焦虑/退缩方面的指标。
分析表明，因原发性或继发性遗尿而在10岁后仍尿床的儿童，到15岁时行为问题发生率有所增加，这些儿童的平均行为得分比5岁前停止尿床的儿童高出0.30至0.65个标准差。回归分析表明，这些关联在很大程度上是虚假的，其产生是因为停止尿床的年龄与一系列因素（性别、社会成熟度、儿童智商、家庭社会背景、家庭压力和父母冲突）相关，而这些因素也与青少年行为问题发生率的增加有关。然而，即使在对这些因素进行调整之后，10岁后仍尿床的儿童在13岁前品行问题和注意力缺陷行为发生率仍略有增加，在15岁前焦虑/退缩发生率有所增加。
得出的结论是，10岁后尿床与青春期早期品行问题、注意力缺陷行为以及焦虑/退缩风险的小幅但可检测到的增加有关。这些结果表明，虽然夜间遗尿的儿童并非明显面临更严重精神问题的风险，但确定10岁后仍尿床的儿童在焦虑或问题行为方面增加的程度可能是谨慎之举。
