Lotstra F, François A
Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles.
Rev Med Brux. 1994 Jul-Aug;15(4):274-6.
Delirium or acute confusional state is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in later life. Failure to recognise delirium and treat the underlying organic condition may have fatal consequences. In delirium the main aspects of cognition, thinking, perception and memory are all disordered to some degree. A global disorder of attention is invariably present and may include illusions and hallucinations. Disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and abnormalities of the psychomotor activity are essential features. Hypoactive and hyperactive states are reported. Some patients have a mixed picture, with swing back and forth between apathy and agitation. Its onset is acute and its duration is brief (less than one month). Typically, the severity of the symptoms fluctuates during the daytime with peaks at night. The adequate treatment of delirium presupposes that the syndrome has been diagnosed and that its underlying causes have been identified.
谵妄或急性意识模糊状态是晚年常见的神经精神综合征。未能识别谵妄并治疗潜在的器质性疾病可能会导致致命后果。在谵妄中，认知、思维、感知和记忆的主要方面都在一定程度上出现紊乱。注意力的全面紊乱总是存在的，可能包括错觉和幻觉。睡眠-觉醒周期的紊乱和精神运动活动的异常是其基本特征。有报告称存在活动减退和活动亢进状态。一些患者表现为混合状态，在冷漠和躁动之间来回波动。其起病急，病程短暂（少于1个月）。通常，症状的严重程度在白天会波动，夜间达到高峰。谵妄的充分治疗前提是已诊断出该综合征并确定其潜在病因。
