Arlemalm T, Nilsson L G
Department of Psychology, University of Umeå, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 1994 Sep;35(3):271-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1994.tb00951.x.
If a recognition test is followed by a cued recall test then the probability of recognition given recall generally follows the Tulving-Wiseman function. Despite this regularity two types of exceptions have been discovered. Both poor integration and cue overlap causes an observed value of recognition given recall that is higher than predicted. The present study explores the first type of exception by proposing and testing an analytical tool, which emanates from confidence ratings given to recall responses, for relating poor integration directly to variations in the degree of deviation from the function. It is demonstrated that very poor integration produces a deviation above the function, whereas a very good integration produces a deviation below the function. The effect of integration (and cue overlap) is explained by means of a conceptualization cue dependency. Support is also given to the notion that an enhanced variability of goodness of encoding contributes to an enhanced dependence between recall and recognition.
如果在识别测试之后进行线索回忆测试，那么回忆条件下的识别概率通常遵循图尔文 - 怀斯曼函数。尽管存在这种规律性，但已发现两种类型的例外情况。整合不佳和线索重叠都会导致回忆条件下的识别观测值高于预测值。本研究通过提出并测试一种分析工具来探索第一种例外情况，该工具源自对回忆反应给出的置信度评级，用于直接将整合不佳与偏离该函数的程度变化联系起来。结果表明，整合非常差会导致在函数上方出现偏差，而整合非常好会导致在函数下方出现偏差。通过概念化线索依赖性来解释整合（和线索重叠）的影响。同时也支持了这样一种观点，即编码质量变异性的增强会导致回忆与识别之间的依赖性增强。
