Petersen A R
School of Social Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA.
Aust J Public Health. 1994 Jun;18(2):213-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1994.tb00230.x.
Community development is a concept that currently has wide appeal in public health policy. It has become a central element of population-based health promotion strategies that purport to involve community groups in determining the form and purpose of resources for advancing the community's health. It has been variously claimed that community development empowers individuals and groups, leads to greater commitment by the community and consumers to change, strengthens community values, promotes greater local accountability in use of resources, and redresses inequalities in health. However, the meanings and implications of community development remain obscure. This paper examines the multiple and conflicting discourses of community development, and suggests that the rhetoric of community development has tended not to be matched by the reality of practice. It concludes that health promoters need to be much more critical in their assessment of the approach, and to clarify the use of basic terminology such as 'community' and 'empowerment', if their actions are to contribute to effective long-term change.
社区发展是一个目前在公共卫生政策中具有广泛吸引力的概念。它已成为基于人群的健康促进策略的核心要素，这些策略旨在让社区团体参与确定用于促进社区健康的资源形式和目的。人们提出了各种说法，认为社区发展能赋予个人和团体权力，促使社区和消费者更致力于变革，强化社区价值观，在资源使用方面促进更大的地方问责制，并纠正健康方面的不平等现象。然而，社区发展的含义和影响仍然模糊不清。本文审视了关于社区发展的多种相互冲突的论述，并指出社区发展的言辞往往与实践现实不符。结论是，如果健康促进者的行动要有助于实现有效的长期变革，他们在评估该方法时需要更加批判性，并澄清诸如“社区”和“赋权”等基本术语的用法。
