Naito Y
Department of Epidemiology and Mass Examination, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1994 Aug;41(8):706-19.
Few epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular diseases have been performed in Japan. To quantify the physical activity of individuals, a 24-hour activity record was developed to calculate 24-hour energy expenditure for use in an epidemiologic survey. Major physical activity was recorded every 15 minutes during a day and the relative metabolic rate for each physical activity was adopted from data of the Labor Science Institute in Japan. The 24-hour energy expenditure per body surface area was used as an index of physical activity. Reproducibility of this index was examined by retesting subsamples 3 months apart, and good results were confirmed. The association between physical activity and health examination variables was analyzed for the 319 male workers aged 40-49 in Osaka, Kochi, and Akita Prefecture. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure per body surface area was positively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake and negatively correlated with skinfold thickness, resting heart rate, logarithm of triglyceride, hemoglobin and uric acid. In addition, a newly developed questionnaire on physical activity with 11 questions was administered in Osaka on 1819 male factory workers aged 40-49. From multiple regression analysis, three questions were shown to be significant predictors of 24-hour energy expenditure per body surface area--1. "What percentage of work time is spent on your feet?" 2. "When climbing three floors, which do you usually choose, the stairs or the escalator?", 3. "How long are you involved in heavy physical labor each day?" The daily physical activity score estimated using the regression equation showed good reproducibility in retesting a year apart. Controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking, the score was negatively correlated to skinfold thickness, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, total cholesterol, logarithm of triglyceride, hemoglobin, and uric acid; and was positively correlated to HDL-cholesterol. This cross-sectional study shows that in Japanese there is a significant relationship between physical activity and some health examination variables, and also that the survey methods to estimate physical activity can be useful for further epidemiologic studies in Japan.
在日本，很少有流行病学研究调查身体活动与心血管疾病之间的关系。为了量化个体的身体活动，开发了一份24小时活动记录，以计算用于流行病学调查的24小时能量消耗。一天中每15分钟记录一次主要身体活动，并采用日本劳动科学研究所的数据作为每种身体活动的相对代谢率。每单位体表面积的24小时能量消耗被用作身体活动的指标。通过对亚样本间隔3个月进行重新测试来检验该指标的可重复性，并得到了良好的结果。分析了大阪、高知和秋田县319名40至49岁男性工人的身体活动与健康检查变量之间的关联。每单位体表面积的24小时能量消耗与最大摄氧量呈正相关，与皮褶厚度、静息心率、甘油三酯对数、血红蛋白和尿酸呈负相关。此外，在大阪对1819名40至49岁的男性工厂工人进行了一项新开发的包含11个问题的身体活动问卷调查。多元回归分析显示，有三个问题是每单位体表面积24小时能量消耗的显著预测因素——1. “工作时间中有多少百分比是站着度过的？”2. “爬三层楼时，你通常选择楼梯还是自动扶梯？”3. “你每天从事重体力劳动多长时间？”使用回归方程估计的每日身体活动得分在间隔一年的重新测试中显示出良好的可重复性。在控制年龄、体重指数、酒精摄入量和吸烟因素后，该得分与皮褶厚度、舒张压、静息心率、总胆固醇、甘油三酯对数、血红蛋白和尿酸呈负相关；与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关。这项横断面研究表明，在日本人中，身体活动与一些健康检查变量之间存在显著关系，而且估计身体活动的调查方法对日本进一步的流行病学研究可能有用。
