Mulholland J
J Nurs Manag. 1994 Jul;2(4):161-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.1994.tb00148.x.
The ability to manage change has become an essential skill for all managers, particularly those employed within the Health and Social Services. It is recognized that managers may have received an introduction to management concepts and skills within their professional education but require more specific management development. The government approach to adult education with an increased emphasis on vocational training as opposed to professional education (Hyland 1991) has had an important impact upon the theory and practice of nurse management. Nurses are now required to demonstrate, not only the appropriate knowledge and theory of management, but also the competencies necessary to fulfil their role. This is becoming an important dimension of management development programmes. This paper discusses aspects of competency based learning and considers how these concepts are applied to a higher education nurse management programme on 'Managing Change'. The difficulties experienced in applying vocational standards to professional education within the culture of a higher education will be explored, difficulties identified and some alternatives offered.
应对变革的能力已成为所有管理者必备的技能，尤其是那些受雇于健康与社会服务领域的管理者。人们认识到，管理者可能在其专业教育中接受过管理概念和技能的入门培训，但需要更具针对性的管理发展培训。政府对成人教育的方针更加注重职业培训而非专业教育（海兰德，1991年），这对护士管理的理论和实践产生了重要影响。如今，护士不仅需要展示适当的管理知识和理论，还需要具备履行其职责所需的能力。这正成为管理发展计划的一个重要方面。本文讨论了基于能力的学习的各个方面，并思考这些概念如何应用于一个关于“应对变革”的高等教育护士管理项目。将探讨在高等教育文化中把职业标准应用于专业教育时所遇到的困难，找出这些困难并提供一些替代方案。
