White R M, Zsambok C
Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056.
Br J Soc Psychol. 1994 Sep;33 ( Pt 3):243-57. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01023.x.
Some research has suggested that level of inconsistency of information that invalidates expectancy-based stereotypes or trait labels is one of several moderating variables that determine the memorability and use of inconsistent information (e.g. Rojahn & Pettigrew, 1992). Two experiments were designed to identify variables that moderate memory for and use of counter-stereotypic social-political beliefs that were attributed to a stereotypically identified group. In Expt 1, recall was found to be inversely related to level of inconsistency. In Expt 2, location of counter-stereotypic beliefs within a list and the order of counter-stereotypic beliefs (most-to-least vs. least-to-most inconsistent) determined the form of the relationship between recall and level of inconsistency. When counter-stereotypic beliefs were presented relatively early in a list and were ordered from least-to-most inconsistent, a positive relationship obtained; otherwise, the relationship was negative. Stereotyping was less extreme when counter-stereotypic beliefs were presented early in the least-to-most inconsistent ordering. Cognitive processes that may have produced these sets of findings were discussed.
一些研究表明，使基于预期的刻板印象或特质标签无效的信息不一致程度，是决定不一致信息的可记忆性和使用情况的几个调节变量之一（例如，罗扬 & 佩蒂格鲁，1992）。设计了两个实验来确定调节对反刻板印象的社会政治信念的记忆和使用的变量，这些信念被归因于一个刻板印象明确的群体。在实验1中，发现回忆与不一致程度呈负相关。在实验2中，反刻板印象信念在列表中的位置以及反刻板印象信念的顺序（从最不一致到最一致与从最一致到最不一致）决定了回忆与不一致程度之间关系的形式。当反刻板印象信念在列表中相对较早出现且按从最一致到最不一致的顺序排列时，得到正相关关系；否则，关系为负相关。当反刻板印象信念在最一致到最不一致的顺序中较早出现时，刻板印象的程度不太极端。讨论了可能产生这些结果的认知过程。
