Horiike K, Tojo H, Arai R, Nozaki M, Maeda T
Department of Biochemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan.
Brain Res. 1994 Aug 1;652(2):297-303. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90240-2.
Based on enzymatic activity, the localization and the identification of D-amino-acid oxidase-containing cells in rat whole brain was systematically studied in serial fixed sections. The oxidase activity was absent or scarce in the forebrain, was confined to the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata) and cerebellum, and its localization was extended to the spinal cord. In the brain stem the oxidase was mainly localized in the tegmentum, particularly in the reticular formation. The intense oxidase reactions were present in the red nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus, ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, vestibular nuclei, nuclei of posterior funiculus, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, lateral reticular nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, and hypoglossal nucleus. In the cerebellum the activity in the cortex was much more intense than that in the medulla. In all the fields described above, the oxidase-containing cells were exclusively astrocytes including Bergmann glial cells, and neither neuronal components, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes nor ependymal cells showed oxidase activity. These results indicated that the astrocytes regionally differentiated into two distinct types, one of which expressed oxidase in the midbrain, rhombencephalon and spinal cord, and the other which did not in the forebrain. The localization of the oxidase was inversely correlated with the distribution of free D-serine in mammalian brains (Nagata, Y., Horiike, K. and Maeda, T., Brain Res., 634 (1994) 291-295). Based on the characteristic localization of the oxidase-containing astrocytes, we discussed the physiological role of the oxidase.
基于酶活性，在大鼠全脑连续固定切片中系统研究了含D-氨基酸氧化酶细胞的定位与鉴定。在前脑中氧化酶活性缺失或稀少，局限于脑干（中脑、脑桥和延髓）及小脑，其定位延伸至脊髓。在脑干中，氧化酶主要定位于被盖，尤其是网状结构。在红核、动眼神经核、滑车神经核、外侧丘系腹侧核、背侧和腹侧耳蜗核、前庭核、后索核、三叉神经脊髓束核、外侧网状核、下橄榄核和舌下神经核中存在强烈的氧化酶反应。在小脑中，皮质的活性比髓质中的活性要强得多。在上述所有区域，含氧化酶的细胞均为星形胶质细胞，包括伯格曼胶质细胞，神经元成分、内皮细胞、少突胶质细胞和室管膜细胞均未显示氧化酶活性。这些结果表明，星形胶质细胞在区域上分化为两种不同类型，其中一种在中脑、后脑和脊髓中表达氧化酶，另一种在前脑中不表达。氧化酶的定位与哺乳动物脑中游离D-丝氨酸的分布呈负相关（永田洋、堀池克和前田敏，《脑研究》，634（1994）291 - 295）。基于含氧化酶星形胶质细胞的特征性定位，我们讨论了氧化酶的生理作用。
