Sipilä S, Suominen H
Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Clin Physiol. 1994 Jul;14(4):433-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.1994.tb00402.x.
Knee extension strength, walking speed, quadriceps muscle mass and composition of the muscle compartment were studied in 66 to 85-year-old female athletes and controls. Maximal voluntary knee extension force, force/body mass, extension torque, torque/body mass and walking speed were higher for the athletes than the controls. A muscle index indicating intramuscular fat and connective tissue measured using ultrasonography was lower for the athletes than the controls. There were no differences between the study groups in knee extension force related either to cross-sectional area (CSA) or lean tissue area (CSAL) of the quadriceps. Within the subgroups, there was no significant correlation between knee extension torque and CSA or CSAL of the same muscle. In the athletes high knee extension torque/body mass was related to a low muscle index and high walking speed to a low relative proportion of fat in the muscle. The muscle index was lower the more kilometers trained during the preceding year. In the controls high knee extension torque/body mass and high walking speed were related to a low relative proportion of fat. Knee extension torque and walking speed were higher the more kilometers walked during the preceding year. The results indicate that elderly female athletes have superior muscle performance compared to their age-peers. Performance in a maximal isometric strength test in elderly women is not clearly related to muscle mass. However, to some extent it is related to the composition of the same muscle, especially the degree to which fat is infiltrated into the muscle.
对66至85岁的女性运动员和对照组进行了膝关节伸展力量、步行速度、股四头肌质量和肌肉群组成的研究。运动员的最大自主膝关节伸展力、力/体重、伸展扭矩、扭矩/体重和步行速度均高于对照组。使用超声测量的表示肌肉内脂肪和结缔组织的肌肉指数，运动员低于对照组。在研究组之间，膝关节伸展力与股四头肌的横截面积（CSA）或瘦组织面积（CSAL）均无差异。在亚组中，同一肌肉的膝关节伸展扭矩与CSA或CSAL之间无显著相关性。在运动员中，高膝关节伸展扭矩/体重与低肌肉指数相关，高步行速度与肌肉中低脂肪相对比例相关。前一年训练的公里数越多，肌肉指数越低。在对照组中，高膝关节伸展扭矩/体重和高步行速度与低脂肪相对比例相关。前一年步行的公里数越多，膝关节伸展扭矩和步行速度越高。结果表明，老年女性运动员与同龄人相比具有更优的肌肉表现。老年女性在最大等长力量测试中的表现与肌肉质量并无明显关联。然而，在一定程度上它与同一肌肉的组成有关，尤其是脂肪浸润到肌肉中的程度。
