Virtanen S M, Jaakkola L, Räsänen L, Ylönen K, Aro A, Lounamaa R, Akerblom H K, Tuomilehto J
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Diabet Med. 1994 Aug-Sep;11(7):656-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00328.x.
The intakes of nitrate and nitrite of children and their parents from food and drinking water were estimated in a Finnish nation-wide case-control study on the epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes. The study population consisted of 684 case and 595 control children; 548 case-control pairs of fathers; and 620 case-control pairs of mothers. The consumption frequencies of foods which are important sources of nitrate and nitrite were assessed by structured questionnaire. Nitrate and nitrite concentration data were collected from Finnish water works. Diabetic children's and their mothers' daily dietary intake of nitrite was greater compared with that of control children and mothers (for case and control children 0.9 mg vs 0.8 mg, for case and control mothers 0.9 mg vs 0.8 mg, p < 0.001). Case mothers compared with control mothers received less (p < 0.05) nitrate from their diet. No differences were observed in the intake of nitrate or nitrite from drinking water. Dietary nitrite intake of children (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the second, third, and fourth quartile 1.16, 0.82-1.65; 1.49, 1.06-2.10; 2.32, 1.67-3.24, respectively) and mothers (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the second, third, and fourth quartile 1.15, 0.76-1.74; 1.29, 0.87-1.91; 1.98, 1.35-2.90, respectively) was positively associated with the risk for Type 1 diabetes independently from length of mother's education, child's or mother's age, place of residence or mother's smoking status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在芬兰一项关于1型糖尿病流行病学的全国性病例对照研究中，对儿童及其父母从食物和饮用水中摄入硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的情况进行了评估。研究人群包括684例病例儿童和595例对照儿童；548对病例对照的父亲；以及620对病例对照的母亲。通过结构化问卷评估了作为硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐重要来源的食物的消费频率。从芬兰自来水厂收集了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度数据。与对照儿童及其母亲相比，糖尿病儿童及其母亲的每日膳食亚硝酸盐摄入量更高（病例组和对照组儿童分别为0.9毫克对0.8毫克，病例组和对照组母亲分别为0.9毫克对0.8毫克，p<0.001）。病例组母亲与对照组母亲相比，从饮食中摄入的硝酸盐较少（p<0.05）。在从饮用水中摄入硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐方面未观察到差异。儿童（第二、第三和第四四分位数的优势比及95%置信区间分别为1.16，0.82 - 1.65；1.49，1.06 - 2.10；2.32，1.67 - 3.24）和母亲（第二、第三和第四四分位数的优势比及95%置信区间分别为1.15，0.76 - 1.74；1.29，0.87 - 1.91；1.98，1.35 - 2.90）的膳食亚硝酸盐摄入量与1型糖尿病风险呈正相关，且独立于母亲的教育年限、儿童或母亲的年龄、居住地点或母亲的吸烟状况。（摘要截取自250字）
