Todd J M, Parnell W R
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994 Aug;48(8):567-74.
A study was carried out in Dunedin, New Zealand, to assess the adequacy of dietary intakes of a group of healthy women who had been exclusively breast feeding for approximately 3 months.
Demographic data and nutrient intakes as determined by two quantitative 24 h recalls within 2 weeks were collected from each woman. Dietary intakes were compared to Australian recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) for lactating women.
From 93 eligible women who were recruited, 73 completed the study, giving a 78% response rate.
The mean (SD) energy intake of 8411 (2575) kJ (2007 kcal) was much lower than the recommended intake of 10,500 kJ. The majority of the women had intakes below two-thirds of the RNI for zinc, calcium, folate and vitamin A. Maternal age was significantly positively related to energy intakes (R2 = 14.2%), with women over thirty years having significantly higher energy intake (P = 0.01).
Findings suggest that lactation may be maintained on lower levels of energy intake than currently recommended, although there is concern that zinc and calcium may not be consumed in adequate amounts. Recommended intakes need to be reassessed to determine if they are too high for some nutrients. Maternal age appears to be a significant factor determining energy and nutrient intakes in this population.
在新西兰达尼丁开展了一项研究，以评估一组纯母乳喂养约3个月的健康女性的饮食摄入量是否充足。
收集每位女性的人口统计学数据以及通过在两周内进行的两次24小时定量膳食回顾所确定的营养素摄入量。将饮食摄入量与澳大利亚针对哺乳期女性的推荐营养素摄入量（RNI）进行比较。
在招募的93名符合条件的女性中，73名完成了研究，应答率为78%。
平均（标准差）能量摄入量为8411（2575）千焦（2007千卡），远低于推荐摄入量10500千焦。大多数女性的锌、钙、叶酸和维生素A摄入量低于RNI的三分之二。母亲年龄与能量摄入量显著正相关（R2 = 14.2%），30岁以上的女性能量摄入量显著更高（P = 0.01）。
研究结果表明，哺乳期可以在低于目前推荐水平的能量摄入量下维持，尽管有人担心锌和钙的摄入量可能不足。需要重新评估推荐摄入量，以确定某些营养素的推荐量是否过高。母亲年龄似乎是决定该人群能量和营养素摄入量的一个重要因素。
