Mackey A D, Picciano M F, Mitchell D C, Smiciklas-Wright H
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Mar;98(3):297-302. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00070-4.
To assess longitudinally nutrient intakes of lactating women during the postpartum period.
Dietary data from lactating women were collected by means of 2-day food records at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Intake of energy and selected nutrients was tabulated and compared with dietary standards.
The 52 lactating women enrolled in the study lived in a university community, were apparently healthy, had a body mass index within normal range, were successfully nursing a term infant, and planned to nurse for at least 6 months.
Paired t tests and Stuart-Maxwell chi(2) analyses.
Mean energy intakes were below the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Mean intakes of most nutrients met or exceeded recommended standards except for zinc and vitamins D and E at both 3 and 6 months postpartum. Calcium and folate intakes were also below standards at 6 months. Although mean iron intake exceeded the standard at both measurement times, there was a significant decline from 3 to 6 months. Relative frequencies of mothers meeting various percentages of standards differed significantly from 3 to 6 months for calcium; iron; folate; and vitamins E, D, and B-6. At 6 months, significant increases were noted in the number of women reporting calcium, folate, and vitamin B-6 intakes at less than one half of the recommended amounts.
APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Guidance for lactating women should stress food sources of nutrients likely to be limited in their diets: calcium; zinc; folate; and vitamins E, D, and B-6.
纵向评估产后哺乳期妇女的营养摄入量。
通过产后3个月和6个月时记录2天的食物摄入情况来收集哺乳期妇女的饮食数据。将能量和选定营养素的摄入量制成表格，并与饮食标准进行比较。
参与该研究的52名哺乳期妇女居住在大学社区，看起来健康，体重指数在正常范围内，成功哺乳足月儿，且计划哺乳至少6个月。
配对t检验和Stuart-Maxwell卡方分析。
平均能量摄入量低于推荐膳食摄入量。除产后3个月和6个月时的锌以及维生素D和E外，大多数营养素的平均摄入量达到或超过了推荐标准。产后6个月时钙和叶酸的摄入量也低于标准。尽管两次测量时铁的平均摄入量均超过标准，但从3个月到6个月有显著下降。产后3个月到6个月，达到不同标准百分比的母亲的相对频率在钙、铁、叶酸以及维生素E、D和B-6方面存在显著差异。在6个月时，报告钙、叶酸和维生素B-6摄入量低于推荐量一半的女性人数显著增加。
应用/结论：对哺乳期妇女的指导应强调其饮食中可能有限的营养素的食物来源：钙、锌、叶酸以及维生素E、D和B-6。
