J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 Jul;34(1):21-42.
In 1990 374 consultant microbiologists and 733 hospital pharmacists nationwide were sent a questionnaire on methods used to control antibiotic usage. Forty-nine per cent were returned. Attempts to control usage are widespread. A written policy for surgical prophylaxis was available in 51% of hospitals, 62% had a policy for therapy and 79% an antibiotic formulary. The policies for prophylaxis and therapy both gave recommendations on individual drugs in 95% of hospitals, on dosage in 81% and 60% and duration of prophylaxis/treatment in 90% and 51% respectively. Compliance was monitored in approximately 40%, and steps were taken in half to control non-compliance. Eighty-eight per cent believed policies for prophylaxis and therapy to be beneficial. A restricted list was operated in 77% of hospitals and 90% of respondents believed formularies to be beneficial. Fifty-two per cent of respondents claimed educational campaigns were used. These were 'occasional' in frequency in 79% and were most commonly based on information sheets. Fifty per cent of respondents had cost-control campaigns, 26% automatic stop dates on prescriptions and 43% automatic therapeutic substitution. Eleven per cent had antibiotic utilization co-ordinators, 86% of hospitals had a Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, and 17% an Antibiotic Committee. Eleven per cent had formal antibiotic audit. Forty-eight per cent of respondents regulated pharmaceutical efforts to promote antibiotics within the hospital. The first survey of current practice suggests that attempts to control antibiotic use are widespread and generally believed to be useful. Several rarely used but potentially helpful control measures, such as specific forms for antibiotic prescriptions, were identified.
1990年，向全国374名微生物学顾问和733名医院药剂师发放了一份关于抗生素使用控制方法的调查问卷。回收率为49%。控制使用的尝试很普遍。51%的医院有外科预防用药的书面政策，62%有治疗用药政策，79%有抗生素处方集。预防和治疗政策在95%的医院中针对个别药物给出了建议，在81%和60%的医院中针对剂量给出了建议，在90%和51%的医院中针对预防/治疗持续时间给出了建议。约40%的医院对依从性进行了监测，其中一半采取了措施来控制不依从情况。88%的人认为预防和治疗政策是有益的。77%的医院实施了限制用药清单，90%的受访者认为处方集是有益的。52%的受访者称开展了教育活动。其中79%的活动频率为“偶尔”，最常见的形式是发放信息单。50%的受访者开展了成本控制活动，26%设置了处方自动停药日期，43%采用了自动治疗替换。11%的医院设有抗生素使用协调员，86%的医院设有药学与治疗学委员会，17%设有抗生素委员会。11%的医院进行了正式的抗生素审计。48%的受访者对医院内推广抗生素的药学工作进行了规范。对当前做法的首次调查表明，控制抗生素使用的尝试很普遍，且普遍认为是有用的。还发现了一些很少使用但可能有用的控制措施，如抗生素处方专用表格。
